Showing papers by "University of California published in 1989"

The Components of Nitrogen Availability Assessments in Forest Soils

Abstract: The availability of nitrogen (N) limits production in many forest ecosystems, and many methods are available for estimating N availability (Keeney, 1980; Binkley 1986; Mahendrappa et al., 1986; Binkley and Vitousek, 1989). The concept of soil availability may represent the rate at which N is converted from unavailable to available forms within the rooting zone (Scarsbrook, 1965). Alternatively, it may refer to the extent to which plant production is constrained by a limited supply of available N. These two aspects of N availability were termed N supply rate and N limitation by Chapin et al. (1986). In agroecosystems, N supply rate and N limitation are often closely linked. In forest ecosystems, differences in species composition, stand age, and soil moisture may uncouple low N supply from N limitation (Chapin et al., 1986). In addition, the nonuniform rooting distribution of trees and the presence of forest floors add spatial complexities to forest N cycles that make it more difficult to estimate N availability in forests than in agroecosystems.

1992: Recasting the European Bargain

Abstract: The adoption of the White Paper on Completing the Internal Market (1985) and the passage of the Single European Act (1986) revitalized the European Community and marked a new stage in the European integration process. The new enthusiasm in the Community awoke grand integration theory from a long slumber as scholars—some new, some veterans of former debates—attempted once again to explain what was happening in Europe. They initially focused their attention on the decision to create a single market and to revise the Treaty of Rome to expedite the process. Ultimately, they were trying to explain why, after years of stagnation, the integration process was suddenly moving forward again. These scholars drew on neofunctionalism and a number of other approaches derived from international relations and ec decisionmaking to provide answers to their theoretical questions.

Cross-cultural Interaction: The International Comparison Fallacy?

Abstract: Joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions, licensing and distribution agreements, and sales of products and services—crucial aspects of all such interorganizational relationships, are face-to-face negotiations. As the proportion of foreign to domestic trade increases, so does the frequency of business negotiations between people from different countries and cultures. Perlmutter estimates that over 50% of an international manager’s time is spent negotiating.1 To successfully manage these negotiations, businesspeople need to know how to influence and communicate with members of cultures other than their own.

Laterally driven resonant microstructures

Abstract: A microbridge device for use as a sensor or an actuator is driven parallel to a substrate as a resonant microstructure. The microstructure comprises a stationary thin-film electrode secured to the substrate and located in a plane above it. A movable plate overlaying the substrate is suspended above it. The movable plate and electrode are patterned to provide for each at least one comb with fingers interdigitated with those of the other.

General method for producing and selecting peptides with specific properties

Abstract: A method to obtain selected individual peptides or families thereof which have a target property and optionally to determine the amino acid sequence of a selected peptide or peptides to permit synthesis in practical quantities is disclosed. In general outline, the method of the invention comprises synthesizing a mixture of randomly or deliberately generated peptides using standard synthesis techniques, but adjusting the individual concentrations of the components of a mixture of sequentially added amino acids according to the coupling constants for each amino acid/amino acid coupling. The subgroup of peptides having the target property can then be selected, and either each peptide isolated and sequenced, or analysis performed on the mixture to permit its composition to be reproduced. Also included in the invention is an efficient method to determine the relevant coupling constants.

Income Distribution and Poverty

Abstract: It was shown in Chapter 2 that compared to the pre-independence period, the average standard of living fell sharply immediately after independence, but subsequently living standards grew significantly faster than in the period prior to independence. The average levels of real income per capita and real consumption per capita were respectively 5 per cent and 12 per cent higher in the first six years of the 1980s than in the second half of the 1960s. The reason for the higher increase in per capita consumption than in per capita income was the massive increase in external aid between the two periods. Compared to the depressed levels in the immediate post-independence years, the improvement in average living standards has been impressive: per capita income and consumption increased at annual rates of at least one and two-thirds per cent. To what extent were these improvements shared by the poor and low income groups?

Method of grafting genetically modified cells to treat defects, disease or damage of the central nervous system

Abstract: Methods of genetically modifying donor cells by gene transfer for grafting into the central nervous system to treat diseased or damaged cells are disclosed. The modified donor cells produce a molecule capable of affecting the recovery of cells in the CNS. Methods and vectors for carrying out gene transfer and grafting are described.

Specific heat of UPt 3 : Evidence for unconventional superconductivity

Abstract: The specific heats of two samples of UPt3 have been measured in the vicinity of the transition to the superconducting state In both cases the specific-heat anomalies are sharper than any previously observed, and two maxima are clearly resolved The results are interpreted as evidence of a splitting of the transition and unconventional pairing A model that is consistent with the known sample dependence of the superconducting-state specific heat is used to derive “intrinsic” values of the related parameters

High current ion source

Abstract: An ion source utilizing a cathode and anode for producing an electric arc therebetween. The arc is sufficient to vaporize a portion of the cathode to form a plasma. The plasma leaves the generation region and expands through another regon. The density profile of the plasma may be flattened using a magnetic field formed within a vacuum chamber. Ions are extracted from the plasma to produce a high current broad on beam.

Device for iontophoretic non-invasive sampling or delivery of substances

Abstract: The present invention relates to an vitro device for the removal of ionized substances from a membrane sample without mechanical penetration, which device comprises: (a) a positive electrode; (b) a negative electrode, and (c) electrical insulation between subpart (a) and (b), wherein the positive electrode, and the negative electrode, and electrical insulation are positioned on the same side of the membrane sample. The present invention also relates to a device for the removal of or delivery of ionized substances to a mammal through intact skin or mucosal membrane without mechanical penetration, which device comprises: (a) a positive electrode, (b) a negative electrode, and (c) an electrically insulating material between subpart (a) and (b), wherein the positive electrode, negative electrode and insulating material are physically positioned so that each present a common surface of the device for contact with the same surface of the skin or mucosal membrane of the mammal. The present invention also relates to the use of iontophoresis to determine the level of a charged molecule in a living mammal, and with the use of a feedback mechanism, administer appropriate levels of therapeutic substances.

Adaptive information retrieval: using a connectionist representation to retrieve and learn about documents

Abstract: AIR represents a connectionist approach to the task of information retrieval. The system uses relevance feedback from its users to change its representation of authors, index terms and documents so that, over time, AIR improves at its task. The result is a representation of the consensual meaning of keywords and documents shared by some group of users. The central focus goal of this paper is to use our experience with AIR to highlight those characteristics of connectionist representations that make them particularly appropriate for IR applications. We argue that this associative representation is a natural generalization of traditional IR techniques, and that connectionist learning techniques are effective in this setting.

Nonlinear Schrödinger equations

Abstract: The Cauchy problem for the nonlinear Schrodinger equation i∂ t u=Δu−F o u, u(0)=φ, on space domain R m , m≥1, is solved under the assumption that F is a C 1 -function (in the real sense)on C itself satisfying F(0)=0 and the growth condition |F'(ξ)≤const|ξ| p−1 , where p 0 On resout le probleme de Cauchy pour l'equation de Schrodinger non lineaire i∂ t u=Δu-F o u, u(0)=φ dans l'espace R m , m≥1, sous l'hypothese que la fonction F est C 1 (au sens reel) de C dans C, et satisfait F(0)=0 et la condition de croissance |F'(ξ)|≤const|ξ| P−1 avec p 0

Skin photosensitivity and photodestruction of several potential photodynamic sensitizers.

Abstract: The major side effect associated with porphyrins (Photofrin II) in clinical photodynamic therapy is skin photosensitivity. In order to avoid this deleterious reaction, patients must remain out of the sunlight for approximately 1 month. A possible procedure to reduce the amount of skin photosensitivity is to photodegrade (photobleach) the compound in the skin. In this study, we report a series of experiments describing the photodegradation rates of two photosensitizers currently receiving attention due to their potential for use in PDT (mono L-aspartyl chlorin e6 and chloroaluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine). These compounds are compared to Photofrin II (PfII). Experiments consisted of determining photodegradation rates and efficiencies of the sensitizers in (i) phosphate buffered saline (PBS), (ii) PBS with fetal calf serum (to enhance absorption and simulate cellular binding or deaggregation), (iii) Chinese Hamster Ovary cells, and (iv) Balb/c mice. We performed two standardized skin sensitivity assays using the Hartely albino guinea pig irradiated with a UV blue point lamp and Balb/c mice irradiated with the therapeutic wavelength of each sensitizer. In addition, we performed a cell clonogenicity assay comparing photodegraded and fresh PfII on CHO cells. The photodegraded PfII exhibited significant phototoxicity, although the fluorescence was bleached by more than 70%. The results show that PfII causes major skin photosensitization and that the other compounds produce no substantial skin sensitivity. Our studies suggest that photodegradation of PfII with 630 nm light has little influence on the phototoxicity of the compound. In addition, skin sensitivity was not alleviated with prior photobleaching with 405 nm light.

Democratizing the Quasi-Leninist Regime in Taiwan

Abstract: Analysis of the process of democratization should focus not on socioeconomic change, but on the origin and development of political opposition and on the structure of political bargaining between the regime and its challengers. The recent democratic breakthrough in Taiwan is attributable to the capabilities of the political opposition in agenda setting, the shifting of bargaining arenas, and the creation of incentives for the reformist leaders of the regime to play the game. Democratization in Taiwan will continue because the ruling party has been able to maintain its dominant position in new political frameworks.

On Walsh's Brownian motions

Abstract: © Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 1989, tous droits réservés. L’accès aux archives du séminaire de probabilités (Strasbourg) (http://portail. mathdoc.fr/SemProba/) implique l’accord avec les conditions générales d’utilisation (http://www.numdam.org/legal.php). Toute utilisation commerciale ou impression systématique est constitutive d’une infraction pénale. Toute copie ou impression de ce fichier doit contenir la présente mention de copyright.

Political Institutions and Tax Policy in the United States, Sweden, and Britain

Abstract: This essay addresses the question, “Why do different democracies pursue different public policies?” through an examination of taxation policy in the United States, Sweden, and Britain. The essay demonstrates how the different decision-making structures found in these three democracies (characterized as pluralist, corporatist, and party government systems, respectively) bias each polity toward different types of policy outcomes. The key argument is that institutional structures are the context in which political actors must necessarily define their policy preferences and determine their strategic objectives. Institutional structures thus provide a central link between individual choice behavior and macro policy outcomes.

Heidegger and nazism

Abstract: Foreword - Tom Rockmore and Joseph Margolis Introduction Part I: From Youth to the Rectorship (1889-1933) 1. Messkirch, Origins, and the Religious Problem 2. The Jesuit Novitiate and the Seminary at Freiburg 3. Abraham a Sancta Clara and Martin Heidegger's First Written Work 4. Heidegger's Contribution to the Akademiker 5. From Freiburg to Marburg Studies at the University of Freiburg * World War I * Martin Heidegger, Teacher of Catholic Philosophy: The Crisis of Modernism and the Break with the Church * Husserl at Freiburg 6. Marburg, Being and Time, and the Various Appointments 7. The Return to Freiburg and the Berlin Temptation Part II: The Rectorate (1933-1934) 8. Heidegger, Rector at Freiburg The German Student Movement and its Avant-Garde Role * The Seizure of Power in the Region of Baden: Freiburg * The Homage to Albert Leo Schlageter 9. The Rector's Address: Its Assumptions and Its Effects 10. Martin Heidegger's Activities as Rector A Case of Political Denunciation * Students and Workers * Lessons on "The Fundamental Question of Philosophy" during the Summer Semester, 1933 11. Heidegger and University Politics in the Third Reich Speeches at Heidelberg and Kiel: Heidegger and the Corporate Associations of University Professors * Heidegger's Speech on the University and the National Socialist State * Heidegger and the Association of German Universities * Heidegger, Krieck, and the Creation of the KADH 12. Support for Hitler and Conflicts with Krieck The Demonstration of German Science of Adolf Hitler * Heidegger is Called to the Universities of Berlin and Munich * Attacks from Ernst Krieck and His Faction 13. The City and the Country: The Return to the Fatherland as a Political Theme 14. The End of the Rectorate Part III: After the Rectorate: From 1934 to the Posthumously Published Interview 15. The Academy and the Professors of the Reich The Declaration of August 1934 * Heidegger and the Academy of Professors of the Reich * Heidegger and the Academy of German Law * Heidegger and the Advanced School for German Politics * Heidegger as Informer 16. Heidegger and the State Ideological Apparatus The Chair at Gottingen * The "Introduction to Metaphysics" Lectures (1935) * An Article by Elfride Heidegger-Petri * The Attitude of the Regime toward Heidegger around 1936 * Writings: "Origin of the Work of Art" and "Ways to Language" * The Philosophical Congresses at Prague (1934) and at Paris * The Lectures on Nietzsche's Philosophy 17. Heidegger and the State Ideological Apparatus (Continued): Rome and Berlin Heidegger at Prague (1940) and at Munich (1941) * Heidegger and Il Duce * Holderlin * Parmenides and Heraclitus (1943-1944) * The End of the War and the Beginning of Polemos * Echoes 18. Return to Abram a Sancta Clara The Spiegel Interview Notes Index

Chamber for the optical manipulation of microscopic particles

Abstract: A particle control chamber enables experiments to be carried out on biological cells and the like using a laser system to trap and manipulate the particles. A manipulation chamber provides a plurality of inlet and outlet ports for the particles and for fluids used to control or to contact the particles. A central manipulation area is optically accessible by the laser and includes first enlarged volumes for containing a selected number of particles for experimentation. A number of first enlarged volumes are connected by flow channels through second enlarged volumes. The second enlarged volumes act as bubble valves for controlling the interconnections between the first enlarged volumes. Electrode surfaces may be applied above the first enlarged volumes to enable experimentation using the application of electric fields within the first enlarged volumes. A variety of chemical and environmental conditions may be established within individual first enlarged volumes to enable experimental conditions for small scale cellular interactions.

Method for site-specifically incorporating unnatural amino acids into proteins

Abstract: Novel methods are provided for producing proteins, containing unnatural amino acids at specific sites The methods can utilize modified aminoacyl tRNA's capable of polymerizing a desired unnatural amino acid at unique codons within an mRNA sequence

Long-term preservation of organs for transplantation

Abstract: A novel method for preservation of organs for transplantation, wherein the organ to be transplanted is first perfused with a preservation solution containing essentially pyruvate, inorganic salts providing ions to retain the cell action potential and optionally a protein. Then, the organ is perfused with the second preservation solution containing the first solution and alcohol.