Institution
University of Leicester
Education•Leicester, United Kingdom•
About: University of Leicester is a education organization based out in Leicester, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 26469 authors who have published 61444 publications receiving 2305724 citations. The organization is also known as: Leicester University.
Topics: Population, Galaxy, Context (language use), Gamma-ray burst, Gene
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The Phototyping set has been used as the sole method of HLA typing for over 1010 individuals and has capacity to detect new alleles, for example, novel amplification patterns suggestive of 4 new HLA-B alleles have been detected.
Abstract: We have developed a single DNA typing method which uses 144 sequence-specific primer (SSP) reactions to simultaneously detect all known HLA-A, B, C, DRB1, DRB3, DRB4, DRB5 and DQB1 specificities in an allele specific or group specific manner using the same method, reagents, PCR parameters and protocols for all loci. The results from this integrated class I & II method can be visualized on a single photographic or electronic image and hence is described as "Phototyping". Phototyping has an overall resolution greater than or equivalent to good serology and results can be obtained in under 3 hours making the method suitable for genotyping potential cadaver donor peripheral blood without serological backup. This in turn produces the potential for reducing cold ischaemia times in renal transplantation as well as the application of prospective matching to cardiac and liver transplantation. The method has capacity to detect new alleles, for example, novel amplification patterns suggestive of 4 new HLA-B alleles have been detected. The Phototyping set has been used as the sole method of HLA typing for over 1010 individuals. Phototyping is not problem-free; deviations from the standard protocol, poor quality DNA and unsuitable PCR machines can result in individual PCR failures or in incorrect assignment of antigens. Approximately 5% of genotypes were repeated (either partially or fully) because of incomplete or equivocal results.
1,092 citations
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TL;DR: Lifestyle and pharmacological interventions reduce the rate of progression to type 2 diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance and seem to be at least as effective as drug treatment.
Abstract: Objective To quantify the effectiveness of pharmacological and lifestyle interventions to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance.
Data sources Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane library searched up to July 2006. Expert opinions sought and reference lists of identified studies and any relevant published reviews checked.
Study selection Randomised controlled trials that evaluated interventions to delay or prevent type 2 diabetes in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance.
Results 21 trials met the inclusion criteria, of which 17, with 8084 participants with impaired glucose tolerance, reported results in enough detail for inclusion in the meta-analyses. From the meta-analyses the pooled hazard ratios were 0.51 (95% confidence interval 0.44 to 0.60) for lifestyle interventions v standard advice, 0.70 (0.62 to 0.79) for oral diabetes drugs v control, 0.44 (0.28 to 0.69) for orlistat v control, and 0.32 (0.03 to 3.07) for the herbal remedy jiangtang bushen recipe v standard diabetes advice. These correspond to numbers needed to treat for benefit (NNTB) and harm (NNTH) of 6.4 for lifestyle (95% credible interval, NNTB 5.0 to NNTB 8.4), 10.8 for oral diabetes drugs (NNTB 8.1 to NNTB 15.0), 5.4 for orlistat (NNTB 4.1 to NNTB 7.6), and 4.0 for jiangtang bushen (NNTH 16.9 to NNTB 24.8).
Conclusions Lifestyle and pharmacological interventions reduce the rate of progression to type 2 diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance. Lifestyle interventions seem to be at least as effective as drug treatment.
1,091 citations
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TL;DR: This Review describes how S. pneumoniae uses its armamentarium of virulence factors to colonize the upper and lower respiratory tracts of the host and cause disease.
Abstract: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that colonizes the mucosal surfaces of the host nasopharynx and upper airway. Through a combination of virulence-factor activity and an ability to evade the early components of the host immune response, this organism can spread from the upper respiratory tract to the sterile regions of the lower respiratory tract, which leads to pneumonia. In this Review, we describe how S. pneumoniae uses its armamentarium of virulence factors to colonize the upper and lower respiratory tracts of the host and cause disease.
1,090 citations
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17 Sep 2010TL;DR: Techniques designed to combine the results of qualitative and quantitative studies can provide researchers with more knowledge than separate analysis.
Abstract: Techniques designed to combine the results of qualitative and quantitative studies can provide researchers with more knowledge than separate analysis
1,085 citations
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University of Cambridge1, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust2, University of Manchester3, St George's Hospital4, University of Southampton5, University of Warwick6, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust7, University of Oxford8, Queen Alexandra Hospital9, University of Plymouth10, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust11, University of Nottingham12, University Hospital Coventry13, King's College London14, McMaster University15, University of Leicester16
TL;DR: These guidelines provide a practical and evidence-based resource for the management of patients with Barrett's oesophagus and related early neoplasia and suggested stratification of patients according to their estimated cancer risk based on clinical and histopathological criteria for the first time.
Abstract: These guidelines provide a practical and evidence-based resource for the management of patients with Barrett's oesophagus and related early neoplasia. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument was followed to provide a methodological strategy for the guideline development. A systematic review of the literature was performed for English language articles published up until December 2012 in order to address controversial issues in Barrett's oesophagus including definition, screening and diagnosis, surveillance, pathological grading for dysplasia, management of dysplasia, and early cancer including training requirements. The rigour and quality of the studies was evaluated using the SIGN checklist system. Recommendations on each topic were scored by each author using a five-tier system (A+, strong agreement, to D+, strongly disagree). Statements that failed to reach substantial agreement among authors, defined as >80% agreement (A or A+), were revisited and modified until substantial agreement (>80%) was reached. In formulating these guidelines, we took into consideration benefits and risks for the population and national health system, as well as patient perspectives. For the first time, we have suggested stratification of patients according to their estimated cancer risk based on clinical and histopathological criteria. In order to improve communication between clinicians, we recommend the use of minimum datasets for reporting endoscopic and pathological findings. We advocate endoscopic therapy for high-grade dysplasia and early cancer, which should be performed in high-volume centres. We hope that these guidelines will standardise and improve management for patients with Barrett's oesophagus and related neoplasia.
1,083 citations
Authors
Showing all 26711 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
George Davey Smith | 224 | 2540 | 248373 |
Vilmundur Gudnason | 159 | 837 | 123802 |
Reinhard Genzel | 159 | 768 | 84530 |
Daniel J. Rader | 155 | 1026 | 107408 |
Nilesh J. Samani | 149 | 779 | 113545 |
Richard O. Hynes | 143 | 442 | 97442 |
Robert G. Parton | 136 | 459 | 59737 |
Yu Huang | 136 | 1492 | 89209 |
John F. Thompson | 132 | 1420 | 95894 |
Steven M. Haffner | 130 | 441 | 73085 |
Victor J. Dzau | 130 | 688 | 66047 |
Martin A. Green | 127 | 1069 | 76807 |
Wolf Reik | 126 | 329 | 62174 |
Nancy R. Cook | 124 | 487 | 67049 |
John Robertson | 123 | 890 | 81089 |