Showing papers by "University of North Carolina at Greensboro published in 1994"
TL;DR: Pregnant women recited a short child's rhyme, “the target”, aloud each day between the thirty third and thirty seventh weeks of their fetuses' gestation, which suggests that third trimester fetuses become familiar with recurrent, maternal speech sounds.
Abstract: Pregnant women recited a short child's rhyme, “the target”, aloud each day between the thirty third and thirty seventh weeks of their fetuses' gestation. Then their fetuses were stimulated with tape recordings of the target and a control rhyme. The target elicited a decrease in fetal heartrate whereas the control did not. Thus, fetuses' exposure to specific speech sounds can affect their subsequent reactions to those sounds. More generally, the result suggests that third trimester fetuses become familiar with recurrent, maternal speech sounds.
306 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: The authors investigated the relationship between macroeconomic conditions and two alcohol-related outcomes - liquor consumption and highway vehicle fatalities -and found no evidence that fluctuations in economic conditions have a disproportionate impact on the drunk-driving of young adults.
Abstract: This study investigates the relationship between macroeconomic conditions and two alcohol-related outcomes -- liquor consumption and highway vehicle fatalities. Fixed-effect models are estimated for the 48 contiguous states over the 1975-1988 time period and within-state variations are the focus of analysis. Alcohol consumption and traffic deaths vary procyclically, with a major portion of the effect of economic downturns attributed to reductions in incomes. The intake of hard liquor is the most sensitive to the state of the macroeconomy. There is no evidence, however, that fluctuations in economic conditions have a disproportionate impact on the drunk-driving of young adults.
246 citations
TL;DR: A feminist reinterpretation of aggression that views women's and men's aggressive behavior within social structural arrangements that create and sustain differential power relations is presented in this article, where the basis of the myth, factors supporting its maintenance, and theories of female aggression are examined.
Abstract: One of the most pervasive and undisputed gender stereotypes is that men are more aggressive than women. However, this stereotype has, until recently, led researchers to conclude that women are nonaggressive and, therefore, to ignore the topic of female aggression as a distinct phenomenon. The basis of the myth, factors supporting its maintenance, and theories of female aggression are examined. A feminist reinterpretation of aggression that views women's and men's aggressive behavior within social structural arrangements that create and sustain differential power relations is presented.
196 citations
TL;DR: The interrelationship between diabetes and various vitamins and minerals is characterized by a high degree of reciprocity, and certain subgroups of individuals with diabetes are at particular risk for deficiencies for such nutrients.
Abstract: The interrelationship between diabetes and various vitamins and minerals is characterized by a high degree of reciprocity. Chronic uncontrolled hyperglycemia can cause significant alterations in the status of these nutrients, and conversely, some of these substances, especially those that have been characterized as micronutrients, can directly modulate glucose homeostasis (1). Differences in patient populations studied and methodological uncertainties account for the discrepancies in most reported studies. Certain subgroups of individuals with diabetes, such as elderly patients, vegans (who consume no animal products), and pregnant and lactating women, are at particular risk for deficiencies for such nutrients. Additionally, caloric restriction for obese patients and the effects of a high fiber diet and a host of drugs on the metabolism of vitamins and minerals are of concern (2,3).
190 citations
TL;DR: In this study, aerobic exercise performed four or five times per week beginning six to eight weeks post partum had no adverse effect on lactation and significantly improved the cardiovascular fitness of the mothers.
Abstract: Background The potential risks and benefits of regular exercise during lactation have not been adequately evaluated. We investigated whether regular aerobic exercise had any effects on the volume or composition of breast milk. Methods Six to eight weeks post partum, 33 sedentary women whose infants were being exclusively breast-fed were randomly assigned to an exercise group (18 women) or a control group (15 women). The exercise program consisted of supervised aerobic exercise (at a level of 60 to 70 percent of the heart-rate reserve) for 45 minutes per day, 5 days per week, for 12 weeks. Energy expenditure, dietary intake, body composition, and the volume and composition of breast milk were assessed at 6 to 8, 12 to 14, and 18 to 20 weeks post partum. Maximal oxygen uptake and the plasma prolactin response to nursing were assessed at 6 to 8 and 18 to 20 weeks. Results The women in the exercise group expended about 400 kcal per day during the exercise sessions but compensated for this energy expenditure w...
181 citations
TL;DR: For example, the authors found that female judges were significantly more liberal than their male colleagues in employment discrimination cases and no differences were found between male and female judges in obscenity or criminal search and seizure cases.
Abstract: Prior scholarship on the effect of the increasing number of female judges leads to three contrasting sets of expectations. Early writings and views of affirmative-action activists suggested that female judges would be more liberal than male judges. On the other hand, a series of empirical studies suggest that we should expect no gender differences. In contrast to both of these perspectives, several feminist scholars suggest that women will be more liberal only when that position expresses support for full participation in the community. These contrasting expectations were tested by analyzing the votes of appeals court decisions in three issue areas. No differences were discovered between male and female judges in obscenity or criminal search and seizure cases. However, in employment discrimination cases, female judges were significantly more liberal than their male colleagues.
168 citations
TL;DR: This review summarizes and integrates current empirical and theoretical research on arousal regulation strategies for enhancing athletic performance and concluded that these techniques can be effective in influencing arousal and facilitating performance.
Abstract: This review summarizes and integrates current empirical and theoretical research on arousal regulation strategies for enhancing athletic performance. The need to view arousal as a multifaceted construct made up of both cognitive and physiological components was emphasized, as well as the importance of understanding arousal-performance relationship theories that go beyond a simple inverted-U notion. Categories of arousal regulation strategies were discussed and included: arousal energizing techniques, biofeedback techniques, relaxation response strategies, cognitive behavioral interventions, and mental preparation routines. It was concluded that these techniques can be effective in influencing arousal and facilitating performance. However, additional research (especially evaluation research) using more rigorous methods, determining how and why interventions work, using case study methodologies, identifying personality and situational factors influencing arousal regulation effectiveness, and identifying the most effective means of teaching arousal regulation is needed.
167 citations
TL;DR: Multiple regression analysis showed that emotional isolation--more specifically, the loss of spouse--accounted for more loneliness than social isolation, and hearing acuity and visits with siblings were also significant predictors of loneliness.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the relative importance of emotional and social isolation to loneliness among very old rural adults. The sample (N = 119) was selected using a compact area cluster sampling design. Multiple regression analysis showed that emotional isolation--more specifically, the loss of spouse--accounted for more loneliness than social isolation. Hearing acuity and visits with siblings (social isolation variables) were also significant predictors of loneliness. The implications for loneliness interventions are discussed.
159 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an integrative conceptual framework, incorporating both sociological and psychological perspectives, for use in these endeavors, which posits that the social structural and psychological aspects of individual characteristics operate together to shape behavioral motifs which, in turn, influence friendship patterns (dyadic and network structure and phases).
Abstract: In light of the increase in the number and rigor of studies on adult friendship and the tendency of kin and neighbor relationships to have become more structurally similar to friendship, this is a crucial juncture at which to pause and assess what we know and do not know about adult friendship, to begin a needed theoretical synthesis, to identify gaps in the literature and to produce guidelines for future research. The purpose of this article is to present an integrative conceptual framework, incorporating both sociological and psychological perspectives, for use in these endeavors. The framework posits that the social structural and psychological aspects of individual characteristics operate together to shape behavioral motifs which, in turn, influence friendship patterns (dyadic and network structure and phases). Furthermore, dyadic and network structure and phases affect one another through interactive friendship processes. The elements of this integrative framework and the relationships among them var...
142 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assessed the psychometric properties of an instrument designed to measure parents' beliefs about the goals and process of reading aloud to young children and found that the inventory had acceptable internal consistency (coefficients alpha for the scales ranged from.50 to.85) and short-term test-retest reliability of.79.
Abstract: This study assessed the psychometric properties of an instrument designed to measure parents' beliefs about the goals and process of reading aloud to young children. 155 parents of children ages 2 to 5 years completed the Parent Reading Belief Inventory. The inventory's items formed a single factor with high scores reflecting beliefs consistent with current theories of language acquisition and emergent literacy. The inventory had acceptable internal consistency (coefficients alpha for the scales ranged from .50 to .85) and short-term test-retest reliability of .79. When parental education and income were controlled, inventory scores remained significantly correlated .36 with self-report measures of parents' own book-reading habits, .40 with children's interest in books, and .30 with children's exposure to joint book-reading activities. Scores also showed significant partial correlations with the observed frequency of parental questions (.65) and responsiveness to children's speech (.41) during book-readin...
134 citations
TL;DR: The inhibitory influence of IP3-IP6 on the uptake and transport of Fe and Zn is demonstrated and the usefulness of the Caco-2 human cell line is supported as an appropriate model for evaluating the effects of specific dietary factors on trace metal bioavailability.
Abstract: To examine the influence of inositol phosphates on the uptake and absorption of Fe and Zn, Caco-2 cells were grown on either plastic (uptake studies) or porous membranes in bicameral chambers (transport/absorption studies). Caco-2, a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, was selected as the test cell because it spontaneously differentiates into polarized enterocyte-like cells at confluency. Uptake of Fe (added as Fe-nitrilotriacetate complex) from a calcium-free solution by fully differentiated cells was 37 pmol/cm2. Addition of 10-fold molar excess of individual inositol phosphates (IP3, IP4, IP5 or IP6) decreased Fe solubility by 13 to 25% and reduced Fe uptake by 50 to 65%. The rate of transport of Fe from the apical solution into the basolateral chamber [1.4 +/- 0.1 pmol/(h.cm2)] decreased (34-96%) in proportion to the degree of phosphorylation of the inositol derivative in the apical compartment. Uptake and transepithelial transport of Zn were 246 +/- 5 pmol/cm2 and 23 +/- 1 pmol/(h.cm2), respectively. The solubility, uptake and rate of transport of Zn also decreased in proportion to the degree of phosphorylation of inositol. These results demonstrate the inhibitory influence of IP3-IP6 on the uptake and transport of Fe and Zn and support the usefulness of the Caco-2 human cell line as an appropriate model for evaluating the effects of specific dietary factors on trace metal bioavailability.
TL;DR: Aneuploids carrying two usp mutant alleles and a putative variegating usp+ allele often developed deformities of the adult wing disc that apparently resulted from mutational disruption of usp activity before metamorphosis and whose frequency was affected by maternal genotype.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors determine the relationship between the characteristics of visitors to an attraction and information source importance ratings, and conclude that word-of-mouth information is rated most important, followed by past experience and other media sources.
Abstract: Information sources about a product or service potentially affect a tourist's purchase decision. The characteristics of tourists influence the manner in which they search for, rate, and use information about tourism related products or services. The purpose of this paper is to determine the relationship between the characteristics of visitors to an attraction and information source importance ratings. It concludes that word-of-mouth information is rated most important, followed by past experience and other media sources. Additionally, several demographic and trip characteristics are related to rating of information sources, as are visitor motives.
TL;DR: Five major factors affect performance in parallel logic simulation: synchronization algorithm, circuit structure, timing granularity, target architecture, and partitioning, and it is concluded that five major factors affects performance.
Abstract: Fast, efficient logic simulators are an essential tool in modern VLSI system design. Logic simulation is used extensively for design verification prior to fabrication, and as VLSI systems grow in size, the execution time required by simulation is becoming more and more significant. Faster logic simulators will have an appreciable economic impact, speeding time to market while ensuring more thorough system design testing. One approach to this problem is to utilize parallel processing, taking advantage of the concurrency available in the VLSI system to accelerate the logic simulation task.Parallel logic simulation has received a great deal of attention over the past several years, but this work has not yet resulted in effective, high-performance simulators being available to VLSI designers. A number of techniques have been developed to investigate performance issues: formal models, performance modeling, empirical studies, and prototype implementations. Analyzing reported results of these techniques, we conclude that five major factors affect performance: synchronization algorithm, circuit structure, timing granularity, target architecture, and partitioning. After reviewing techniques for parallel simulation, we consider each of these factors using results reported in the literature. Finally we synthesize the results and present directions for future research in the field.
TL;DR: This article explored the bias in estimates of housing price appreciation that arises because of problems of sample selection, and found that sample selection potentially is a predictor of price appreciation in the US This article.
Abstract: This paper explores the bias in estimates of housing price appreciation that arises because of problems of sample selection. As suggested by Haurin and Hendershott, sample selection potentially is ...
TL;DR: It is suggested that short-term audiovisual feedback training can be effective in optimizing step length and producing a decrease in aerobic demand among distance runners exhibiting uneconomical FCSL.
Abstract: To assess whether distance runners displaying uneconomical freely chosen step lengths (FCSL) could be trained to shift FCSL toward a more optimal setting, six males and three females who exhibited ...
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Results suggest that while orthostatic intolerance may be dependent upon a variety of physiological reflexes, physical factors such as height and plasma volume tend to dominate the prediction of time to syncope during lower body negative pressure (LBNP).
Abstract: To adequately assess the viability of any particular causal theory of orthostatic intolerance, physical and physiological parameters thought to be associated with orthostasis must be evaluated simultaneously within the same individual. Time, cost, and complexity of instrumentation generally limit studies of orthostatic intolerance to a single independent effect for any given sample of subjects. We, therefore, measured 6 key physical and physiological variables associated with various theories of orthostatic intolerance in 14 males to test the hypothesis that physical factors rather than physiological reflex mechanisms were dominant in contributing to orthostatic tolerance. Measurements included height, plasma volume (expressed as percent of total weight), variation in R-R interval, leg compliance, and carotid-cardiac (high pressure), and cardiopulmonary (low pressure) baroreflex sensitivity. Subjects' orthostatic intolerance was quantified by time to syncope during progressive supine lower body decompression. Correlations, regression coefficients, and indices of replicability were calculated using 500 to 1,000 bootstrap resamplings of the original 14 observations. Although all six measurements correlated with time to syncope when evaluated individually, only height (negative), percent plasma volume weight (positive), and, to a lesser extent, carotid-cardiac baroreflex sensitivity yielded consistent (reproducible) results when all measures were tested simultaneously. These results suggest that while orthostatic intolerance may be dependent upon a variety of physiological reflexes, physical factors such as height and plasma volume tend to dominate the prediction of time to syncope during lower body negative pressure (LBNP). Physiological reflexes, which act to maintain adequate profusion to the brain during normal terrestrial posture in humans, may be overwhelmed by the additional orthostatic challenge imposed by progressive lower body decompression.
TL;DR: The authors examined the extent to which the hostile attributions and coercive behaviors of mothers and sons were associated with indexes of aggression, acceptance by peers, and teacher-rated social competence in the peer group.
Abstract: This study examined the extent to which the hostile attributions and coercive behaviors of mothers and sons were associated with indexes of aggression, acceptance by peers, and teacher-rated social competence in the peer group Ss were 104 married and divorced mothers and their sons (7 to 9 years old) Mothers' and sons' hostile attributions were significantly related to the coerciveness of their interactions, but only mothers' attributions related to reports of the children's aggression in the classroom Boys who reported many stressful events in their lives behaved coercively with their mothers and were viewed as more aggressive and less socially competent with peers The relation between stressful life events and the boys' aggression with their peers was mediated, in part, by boys' coerciveness with their mothers The association between boys' coerciveness with their mothers and social acceptance by peers appeared to be mediated by the aggressiveness of their interactions with their peers Because poor peer relations appear to place children at risk for later adjustment problems in adolescence and adulthood (Kupersmidt, Coie, & Dodge, 1990; Parker & Asher, 1987), researchers have made numerous efforts to understand the correlates of peer rejection (Berndt & Ladd, 1989; Coie & Dodge, 1988; Dodge, 1983), and many have demonstrated associations between children's aggressive behavior and rejection by peers (Coie & Kupersmidt, 1983; Dodge, 1983) Although there is evidence that children, especially boys, who engage in coercive interactions with their mothers are more likely to exhibit aggressive, antisocial behavior in other contexts (Elder, Liker, & Cross, 1984), researchers have only recently sought to understand the mechanisms by which children's experiences within the family affect children's behavior and social standing with peers (Dishion, 1990; Parke, 1990; Parke, MacDonald, Beitel, & Bhavnagri, 1988; Pettit, Dodge, & Brown, 1988; Putallaz, 1987; Strassberg, Dodge, Bates, & Pettit, 1992) In part, this reflects a broader tendency to ignore the interdependencies among experiences in different settings, particularly family and
TL;DR: The data suggest that among similarly-performing elite distance runners, a positive relationship exists between VO2max and the aerobic demand of running.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between VO2max and the aerobic demand of running (VO2submax) in elite distance runners. On at least one occasion, VO2max and VO2submax values were obtained on 22 male subjects (mean age = 27 +/- 2 yrs; mean height = 178.6 +/- 6.8 cm; mean body mass = 64.1 +/- 5.6 kg; mean 10 km run time = 28.89 +/- 1.05 min) training for the 1994 Olympic Trials. Subjects performed 6-min, submaximal level-grade treadmill runs at four speeds (ranging from 4.47 to 5.50 m.s-1) to determine VO2submax. VO2 during each run was calculated by analyzing a 2-min gas sample collected during the last 2 min of running. These values were expressed relative to distance traveled and averaged to derive an overall VO2submax value. Shortly following these submaximal runs, VO2max was measured. When more than one set of VO2submax and VO2max data were available for a particular subject, the average of all tests was used. Results indicated that mean VO2max and VO2submax values were 75.8 +/- 3.4 ml.kg-1.min-1 and 184.6 +/- 8.6 ml.kg-1.km-1, respectively. Correlational analyses also revealed a significant relationship (r = 0.59; p < 0.01) between VO2max and VO2submax. These data suggest that among similarly-performing elite distance runners, a positive relationship exists between VO2max and the aerobic demand of running.
TL;DR: The results indicate that aerobic exercise is a mild oxidative stressor with DHEA exacerbating this response and that VitE helps diminish this effect in certain muscle fiber types.
Abstract: Sixty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of eight treatment groups to determine the effects of vitamin E (VitE), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and exercise on antioxidant status in plasma and skeletal muscle. Indexes of oxidative stress were determined by measuring two markers of lipid peroxidation and the activity of two free radical scavenging enzymes. One-half of the rats had their diets supplemented with 250 IU VitE/kg of diet. One-half of the rats were injected with 0.35 mol/kg body wt ip of DHEA-acetate, whereas the others were injected with vehicle. All treatments lasted 5 wk. Before being killed, one-half of each treatments group of rats was randomly assigned to run for 1 h on a motorized rodent treadmill at 21 m/min up a 12% grade. The other rats remained rested before being killed. Exercise increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and lipid hydroperoxides in plasma and TBARS in red slow-twitch and white fast-twitch muscles. VitE reduced the amount of lipid hydroperoxides and TBARS in plasma and TBARS in all three muscle fiber types. VitE also reduced glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in plasma and red fast-twitch muscle. DHEA increased indexes of oxidative stress in plasma and white fast-twitch muscle. DHEA reduced GPX activity in plasma but increased GPX activity in all three muscle fiber types. These results indicate that aerobic exercise is a mild oxidative stressor with DHEA exacerbating this response and that VitE helps diminish this effect in certain muscle fiber types.
Journal Article•
Book•
01 Jan 1994TL;DR: In this article, the authors develop an account of what an individual substance is in terms of independence from other beings, and show why alternative theories of substance fail, and go on to defend the intelligibility (though not the existence) of interacting spiritual and material substances.
Abstract: This book revives a neglected but important topic in philosophy: the nature of substance. The belief that there are individual substances, for example, material objects and persons, is at the core of our common-sense view of the world yet many metaphysicians deny the very coherence of the concept of substance. The authors develop an account of what an individual substance is in terms of independence from other beings. In the process many other important ontological categories are explored: property, event, space, time. The authors show why alternative theories of substance fail, and go on to defend the intelligibility (though not the existence) of interacting spiritual and material substances.
TL;DR: The findings from a 1990 statewide study of rural homelessness funded by the National Institute of Mental Health are reported and implications for providing short-term emergency assistance and longer-term policy-making are presented.
Abstract: Although homelessness in urban areas has been examined extensively, little attention has been given to the problem of homelessness in rural areas. This article reports the findings from a 1990 statewide study of rural homelessness funded by the National Institute of Mental Health. During the six-month data collection period, 919 homeless adults were interviewed; 247 were heading family units, and 480 children were in these families. More than two-thirds of these families were headed by single parents. Implications of the findings for providing short-term emergency assistance and longer-term policy-making are presented.
TL;DR: This paper found that Native American students who were taught science using culturally relevant materials achieved significantly higher and displayed a significantly more positive attitude toward Native Americans and science than comparable students without the culturally relevant material.
Abstract: The low achievement of Native American students, as measured by standardized tests, results from a number of factors, including the lack of cultural relevance of curriculum materials used in their instruction. Using a pretest–posttest control group design, Native American students in Bureau of Indian Affairs schools in Grades 4–8 who were taught science using culturally relevant materials achieved significantly higher and displayed a significantly more positive attitude toward Native Americans and science than comparable students who were taught science without the culturally relevant materials. It is suggested that when educators of Native Americans teach science, they should use materials that incorporate frequent reference to Native Americans and science.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce the psychological perspective (or perspectives) on stress and focus on conceptual models or frameworks that guide sport and exercise psychology work on stress, leaving the details of the research findings and implications to the later papers.
Abstract: My purpose is to introduce the psychological perspective (or perspectives) on stress. In doing so, I will focus on conceptual models or frameworks that guide sport and exercise psychology work on stress, leaving the details of the research findings and implications to the later papers (Berger, 1994; Dishman, 1994; Wrisberg, 1994). Rather than detailed research, this paper presents a framework or context for those subsequent papers.
TL;DR: In this article, prior experience with violence as a victim and opportunity to aggress was examined as predictors of college women's verbal and physical aggression toward romantic partners, using a longitudinal design.
Abstract: Using a longitudinal design, prior experience with violence as a victim and opportunity to aggress were examined as predictors of college women's verbal and physical aggression toward romantic partners. Five additional categories of predictors identified in previous research (experienced and witnessed parental aggression during childhood, attitudes accepting of aggression, aggressive/impulsive personality attributes, psychopathology, and prior use of aggression) were also examined. Blockwise hierarchical regression analyses were performed to reveal the best predictors of verbal and physical aggression during the first year of college. Significant predictors of verbal aggression were prior use of verbal aggression in heterosexual conflicts during adolescence, witnessed parental aggression, level of adolescent sexual victimization, being a target of rational conflict strategies during adolescence, and use of physical aggression in romantic adolescent relationships, as well as self-reported verbal aggression as an index of personality, weak emotional ties, number of sexual partners, and approval of sexual intimacy in many types of relationships. Significant predictors of physical aggression were prior use of physical aggression during adolescence, witnessing and experiencing parental aggression, being a victim of physical aggression in adolescent romantic relationships, weak emotional ties, low levels of alcohol/drug use, and opportunity to aggress. A developmental model of aggression in which childhood experiences with family violence contribute to the likelihood of subsequent involvement in relationship violence seems appropriate. Past experience with aggression may be particularly important for women. Cultural expectations about women's roles do not provide the social support for female aggression that is provided for male aggression. Adolescent sexual victimizations and general involvement in conflictual relationships (as target and perpetrator) predicted subsequent verbal aggression, whereas experiencing family violence and sustaining physical aggression in romantic relationships predicted subsequent physical aggression. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between parent interaction styles and teacher interaction styles on young children's emergent reading development and found no confounding effects on the development of young children.
Abstract: Past research has failed to adequately consider the relationships between both the parent interaction styles and teacher interaction styles on young children's emergent reading development. The present study examined to what extent teacher and parent interaction styles during storybook reading predict emergent reading level. Volunteer subjects were 30 kindergarten children (18 girls and 12 boys), their parents, and teachers. Transcribed audio‐taped sessions were used to measure adult interaction style during storybook reading to the child. Children were audio‐taped while attempting to read the storybook to the investigator. Transcriptions of these sessions were used to rate emergent reading level using the emergent reading continuum developed by Sulzby (1985). Independent variables were: (a) percentage of high cognitive demands, (b) total number of cognitive demands, (c) number of storybook sessions per week, and (d) age the parent began reading to their child. No confounding effects on the depen...
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship of self-efficacy and perceived well-being to physical activity and stair climbing in older adults was studied and found to be positively associated with physical activity.
Abstract: (1994). The Relationship of Self-Efficacy and Perceived Well-Being to Physical Activity and Stair Climbing in Older Adults. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport: Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 367-371.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the extent to which group gender composition affected group brainstorming performance in a group support system (GSS) environment, and they found that gender composition did not affect group brainstormING performance and suggested that use of GSS technology might empower individuals in groups who might otherwise have been disadvantaged because of the nature of the group composition.
TL;DR: The authors hypothesizes that while economies of scale and scope are inducing global consolidation of the international airline industry, it is the ongoing reform of the imperfectly competitive, regulatory environment and the fledgling international strategic alliances recently negotiated by various carriers that will ultimately determine the fate of the globalization process.