Showing papers by "University of Western Australia published in 1983"
TL;DR: The median C:N:P atomic ratio of benthic marine macroalgae and seagrasses is about 550:30:1, which is much more depleted in P and less in N than for phytoplankton.
Abstract: The median C:N:P atomic ratio of benthic marine macroalgae and seagrasses is about 550:30:1. Benthic plants are much more depleted in P and less in N, relative to C, than phytoplankton. The amount of nutrients required to support a particular level of net production is much lower for benthic marine plants than it is for phytoplankton.
783 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1983TL;DR: In this article, consumer behavior implications for marketing strategy are discussed, and the authors suggest to get this book and feel how this book will give you more exciting lessons, for those who are starting to learn about something new and feel curious about this book.
Abstract: Follow up what we will offer in this article about consumer behavior implications for marketing strategy. You know really that this book is coming as the best seller book today. So, when you are really a good reader or you're fans of the author, it does will be funny if you don't have this book. It means that you have to get this book. For you who are starting to learn about something new and feel curious about this book, it's easy then. Just get this book and feel how this book will give you more exciting lessons.
761 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, healthy, omnivorous subjects aged 25-63 years were randomly allocated to a control group, which ate an omnivouring diet for 14 weeks, or to one of two experimental groups, whose members ate a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet for one 6-week experimental period.
309 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the level of respiratory substrate in leaves determines their rate of O(2) uptake, and the degree to which the alternative path contributes to that O( 2) uptake is determined.
Abstract: In spinach ( Spinacia oleracea Hybrid 102 [New World seeds]) and wheat ( Triticum aestivum L cv Gabo) leaves, O 2 uptake rates in the dark were faster after the plants had been allowed to photosynthesize for a period of several hours Alternative path activity also increased following a period of photosynthesis in these leaves No such effects were observed with isolated mitochondria In spinach and wheat leaves, the level of fructose plus glucose decreased during a period of darkness In pea ( Pisum sativum cv Alaska) leaves, the level of these sugars did not vary significantly during the day, and respiratory rates were also constant In slices cut from wheat leaves harvested at the end of the night, addition of sugars increased the rate of respiration and engaged the previously latent alternative oxidase In pea leaves, O 2 uptake in the first few minutes following illumination was faster than that observed before illumination, but declined during the next 15 to 20 minutes Adding the alternative oxidase inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid, or imposing high bicarbonate concentrations during the period of photosynthesis, prevented the rise in O 2 uptake rate during the immediate post illumination period We conclude that the level of respiratory substrate in leaves determines their rate of O 2 uptake, and the degree to which the alternative path contributes to that O 2 uptake
238 citations
TL;DR: Exposure of the guinea pig cochlea to loud pure tones caused a dramatic swelling of afferent dendrites beneath the inner hair cell (IHC), consistent with the notion that dendritic swelling causes a non-selective decrease in sensitivity to all frequencies of sound.
225 citations
TL;DR: Agarwal et al. as mentioned in this paper found that gold deposition is a result of fluid-wallrock interaction within a suitable temperature range, where gold deposition occurs in 2.8 ± 0.1 Ga granitoid-greenstone terrains.
Abstract: Archaean gold deposits of Australia are most abundant in 2.8 ± 0.1 Ga granitoid‐greenstone terrains, where they form both vein‐type and disseminated occurrences. Two‐thirds of total gold production has come from metamorphic (early, peak or late) vein deposits within host rocks of metabasaltic composition and of greenschist to lower amphibolite facies grade. Wallrock alteration, isotopic readjustment and fluid inclusion data help to characterise the nature and importance of hydrothermal fluids in the generation of the vein‐type deposits. Although fluid access is controlled by major structures and more locally by permeable zones (e.g. hydraulically‐fractured country‐rocks), gold deposition is a result of fluid‐wallrock interaction within a suitable temperature range. Mineralising temperatures at least as high as 400°C (e.g. Mt Charlotte, Kalgoorlie) and slightly alkaline, reducing, H2O‐CO2‐rich fluids of low salinity, derived from lower in the sequence, are inferred. In this type of solution, gold ...
220 citations
TL;DR: Comparisons of the genetical structure of a number of populations with structures predicted for sexual reproduction suggest that, although there is probably also a sexual form of reproduction, asexually produced planulae can be of major importance in the maintenance of populations of this species.
Abstract: The reproduction of scleractinian corals through planular larvae has traditionally been viewed as a strictly sexual process. Here, the results of an electrophoretic study of a ubiquitous Indo-Pacific coral, Pocillopora damicornis, show an exact inheritance of parental genotypes by brooded planulae, demonstrating the existence of an asexual mode of production of planular larvae. Comparisons of the genetical structure of a number of populations with structures predicted for sexual reproduction suggest that, although there is probably also a sexual form of reproduction, asexually produced planulae can be of major importance in the maintenance of populations of this species.
215 citations
TL;DR: The results supported the hypothesis that spores of four species of VA mycorrhizal fungi were innately dormant when first formed and suggest that changes occurred with close synchrony, however newly-quiescent spores were effective propagules.
Abstract: Spores of four species of VA mycorrhizal fungi were unable to germinate when first formed. The change in their capacity to germinate was examined by using populations of newly-formed spores with a narrow age range. Percentage germination and length of hyphae produced by the spores when incubated in soil or on nutrient agar media was measured during storage at constant temperatures between 5 and 37 °C in both wet (−0.15 MPa) and dry (−300 MPa) soil. The results supported the hypothesis that spores of these species were innately dormant when first formed and suggest that changes occurred with close synchrony. The dormancy period in wet soil was approximately 6 weeks for Glomus caledonium and G. monosporum , and 12 weeks for Gigaspora calospora . This period was significantly reduced to 1 week for the Glomus spp. and 6 weeks for Gigaspora calospora in dry soil. For Acaulospora laevis the dormancy period was 6 months under all conditions. Plant roots had no effect on the change to quiescence of spores of any species, however newly-quiescent spores were effective propagules.
163 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, previous work is drawn together as a first step in establishing a conceptual framework for the definition and assessment of political risk, and a body of knowledge concerned with political risk has been uncoordinated due to the absence of a consensus regarding the conceptual framework on which to develop.
Abstract: The evolution of a body of knowledge concerned with the definition and assessment of political risk has been uncoordinated, due to the absence of a consensus regarding the conceptual framework on which to develop. In this paper, previous work is drawn together as a first step in establishing such a framework.
161 citations
TL;DR: The results suggested that both environmental and behavioural factors were of importance in determining overall levels of exposure and distribution by site.
Abstract: Summary
By use of personal dosimeters incorporating polysulphone film, the proportions of ambient UVR received at several anatomical sites have been investigated in five occupations and nine outdoor recreational activities. The results suggested that both environmental and behavioural factors were of importance in determining overall levels of exposure and distribution by site. A closer examination of the risks of skin cancers associated with UVR exposure in humans should be possible in the near future.
159 citations
TL;DR: Most cases of dementia associated with early amyotrophy are more closely related to classic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis than to transmissible Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease and do not deserve the label of “amyotrophic Creutzfields disease.”
Abstract: A review of over 2,000 cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and related disorders in the literature and our own files yielded 231 cases of dementia with early lower motor neuron signs. The clinical-pathological profiles of the 231 cases were distinctly different from those of cases of transmissible Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: the patients had a longer illness, and their brains lacked the typical spongiform change. Brain tissue from 33 of these patients has been inoculated intracerebrally into nonhuman primates, but only 2 atypical cases transmitted a spongiform encephalopathy; 23 have been incubating from three to twelve years and can be considered negative transmission experiments. The findings suggest that most cases of dementia associated with early amyotrophy are more closely related to classic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis than to transmissible Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and do not deserve the label of "amyotrophic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease." When lower motor neuron involvement occurs in transmissible Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, it is usually late and accompanied by signs of a more fulminant cerebral and cerebellar involvement.
TL;DR: It is postulate that the sex hormones affect HDL-C levels by regulating the activities of two important enzymes involved in the production and catabolism of HDL, namely, lipoprotein lipase and hepatic endothelial lipase.
Abstract: The significance of sex hormone levels in determining variation in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations was studied in healthy Seventh Day Adventists (vegetarians) and Mormons. These groups were selected to avoid the confounding effects of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking on HDL-C concentrations. Multivariate analysis showed that testosterone has a strong negative association with HDL-C in men (t = 3.99, P less than 0.001) and women (t = 2.04, P less than 0.05) when controlled for other variables including the concentration of sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Sex-hormone-binding globulin showed an independent positive association with HDL-C in men (P less than 0.001) and women (P less than 0.001). We postulate that the sex hormones affect HDL-C levels by regulating the activities of two important enzymes involved in the production and catabolism of HDL, namely, lipoprotein lipase and hepatic endothelial lipase. Other factors contributing independently to variation in HDL-C levels in this study were, in men, age and triglyceride, and in women, apoprotein-HDL, triglyceride, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, body mass index, and triceps skinfold thickness. Plasma estradiol concentrations were not significantly associated in either sex.
TL;DR: In this paper, eight experiments were conducted to resolve inconsistencies in repetition effects under intermodality conditions in word identification and lexical decision, and an associated theoretical conflict concerning lexical organization.
Abstract: Eight experiments were conducted to resolve: (1) empirical inconsistencies in repetition effects under intermodality conditions in word identification and lexical decision, and (2) an associated theoretical conflict concerning lexical organization. The results demonstrated that although more facilitation occurs under visual-prime/visual-test (VV) conditions than under auditory-prime/visual-test (AV) conditions, significant repetition facilitation also occurs under AV conditions. The results also indicated that: repetition effects observed for the VV and AV conditions apply to high- as well as to low-frequency words; they are insensitive to a variety of encoding tasks designed to emphasize different properties of words; and they are unaffected by differences in the ease of encoding of isolated auditory and visual words. The results are consistent with the existence of both modality-specific and common or modality-free processes in word recognition, in which word-frequency effects are restricted to the second and, by implication, lexical stage.
TL;DR: In men aged 40-59, systolic blood pressure, forced expiratory volume, and serum cholesterol levels were significant independent determining variables for CVD mortality and cholesterol for CHD mortality, with SBP being related to CVD in men aged 60-74 yr.
TL;DR: Functional impairment after 21 days showed large inter-animal variation which was not the result of changes in the effective damaging energy, and unknown factors within the cochlea must be responsible for variations in individual susceptibility to permanent noise-induced hearing loss.
TL;DR: The results indicate that steroid‐induced increases in the potency of catecholamines in pig bronchus can be explained in terms of inhibition of COMT or extraneuronal uptake or both.
Abstract: 1--Progesterone, testosterone (40 microM), cortisol and cortisol hemisuccinate (80 microM) caused 6-8 fold potentiations of (+/-)-isoprenaline (Iso)-induced relaxations of pig bronchus while several other steroids caused smaller potentiations or had no effect. 2--17 beta-Oestradiol (40 microM) increased the potency of Iso, (-)-adrenaline (Adr) and (-)-noradrenaline (NA) by 10.6, 2.3 and 2.6 fold respectively but had no significant effect on the potency of fenoterol (Fen). 3--Inhibition of catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) with U-0521 (30 microM) caused a 6 fold increase in the potency of Iso but failed to alter the potency of Adr, NA or Fen. The extraneuronal uptake inhibitor normetanephrine (50 microM) caused significant 2 fold increases in the potency of Iso and Adr but did not potentiate the responses to NA or Fen. 4--In preparations where the potency of Iso had already been increased by U-0521 (30 microM) or by normetanephrine, 17 beta-oestradiol produced no significant further increase in potency. These results indicate that steroid-induced increases in the potency of catecholamines in pig bronchus can be explained in terms of inhibition of COMT or extraneuronal uptake or both.
TL;DR: It is concluded that it is never too late to stop the smoking habit and those who claimed to have ceased smoking had almost twice the chance of surviving five years than those who continued to smoke.
Abstract: A study of the accumulative survival rates of 133 patients with symptomatic peripheral vascular disease was carried out comparing the survival rates of tobacco smokers and non-smokers. Within the smoking group, those who continued to smoke after the surgery were compared to those who ceased smoking. Of these patients with peripheral vascular disease, 86% were, or had been, smokers. Their survival rates were less than for those who had never been smokers. Of the smoking group, those who claimed to have ceased smoking had almost twice the chance of surviving five years than those who continued to smoke. From these data, we conclude that it is never too late to stop the smoking habit.
TL;DR: In this article, the Pb-Pb isochron was used to date granodioritic plutonic rocks from the northern part of the Shaw Batholith in the east Pilbara Archaean craton.
Abstract: Variably foliated, predominantly granodioritic plutonic rocks from the northern part of the Shaw Batholith in the east Pilbara Archaean craton are dated at 3,499±22 Ma (2σ errors) by a whole-rock Pb-Pb isochron. These rocks intrude the surrounding greenstone sequence, and their age is indistinguishable from that sequence. High strain grey gneisses which occupy much of the western and southern Shaw Batholith are chemically and isotopically similar to the North Shaw suite and are inferred to have been derived from this suite by tectonic processes. Felsic volcanics within the greenstones together with a major portion of the granitic batholiths apparently formed in a calc-alkaline volcanic and plutonic province at ∼3,500 Ma. This volcanic and plutonic suite is similar to modern calc-alkaline suites on the basis of major element, rare earh element and most other trace element contents. The Archaean suite contrasts with modern equivalents only in having lower concentrations of HREE and higher concentrations of Ni and Cr.
TL;DR: In this paper, a formal approach is presented of ordering the time scales of the dominant fluxes of material in an estuary and then accordingly choosing the spatial and temporal resolution of the sampling program.
Abstract: Abstruct A formal approach is presented of ordering the time scales of the dominant fluxes of material in an estuary and then accordingly choosing the spatial and temporal resolution of the sampling program. In this way bounds can be derived for the internal turnover times, boundary exchange rates, and import or export fluxes of a particular substance purely from measurements of the standing stock values in the estuary water. Application of this methodology to an experiment in the Duplin River, Georgia, showed that if the effects of the water motion and mixing are extracted from the variation of a biological component, then the variability of the residual can be successfully interpreted. For a typical summer condition it was shown that ammonium was cycled rapidly within the marsh water, its distribution was very patchy, and only its decomposition products left the marsh; that the refractory dissolved organic carbon (DOC) component was steadily exported by longitudinal mixing while labile DOC was rapidly recycled in the water; that silicate was produced in large amounts in the marsh and exported by longitudinal mixing; that particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations were almost completely determined by the turbulence intensity in the water; and that compared to this internal cycling, export was of minor significance.
TL;DR: Male Julodimorpha bakewelli White were observed attempting to copulate with beer bottles, and colour and reflection of tubercles on the bottle glass are suggested as causes for attraction and release of sexual behaviour.
Abstract: Male Julodimorpha bakewelli White were observed attempting to copulate with beer bottles. Colour and reflection of tubercles on the bottle glass are suggested as causes for attraction and release of sexual behaviour.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new method for the estimation of evaporation from a bare surface based on enrichment of natural deuterium was proposed, which provides an integrated measure over relatively long periods of time.
Abstract: Loss of water by evaporation from bare surfaces is difficult to measure, because, like transpiration, it is subject to the vagaries of climate and water potential. Such loss can be a dominant parameter in the water balance of arid or semi-arid areas. Classical soil physical and meteorological methods can be used to estimate evaporative fluxes over short time periods, but are difficult to use over the longer times which are appropriate for most water balance studies. We describe here a new method for the estimation of evaporation from a bare surface based on enrichment of natural deuterium. The advantage of this technique is that it provides an integrated measure over relatively long periods of time. Using this method on data collected from the bed of Lake Frome, a normally dry salt lake in Central Australia, we find that the evaporation rate from the ‘dry’ lake surface is 63 mm yr−1.
TL;DR: The percentage of root length infected was closely correlated with concentrations of soluble carbohydrates within roots irrespective of the treatment used to vary these concentrations, and small additions of phosphorus to severely deficient plants increased the percentageRoot length infected possibly by stimulating the growth of the mycorrhizal fungus.
Abstract: The effect of phosphorus supply on concentrations of soluble carbohydrate within roots and on the development of mycorrhizas on subterranean clover was examined in two glasshouse experiments. Where increasing phosphorus supply decreased the percentage of root length converted to mycorrhizas, it also decreased the concentrations of soluble carbohydrates within roots. Shading, defoliation and low root temperatures also decreased both the percentage of root length infected and concentrations of soluble carbohydrate within roots. The percentage of root length infected was closely correlated with concentrations of soluble carbohydrates within roots irrespective of the treatment used to vary these concentrations. Small additions of phosphorus to severely deficient plants increased the percentage root length infected possibly by stimulating the growth of the mycorrhizal fungus.
TL;DR: Fractionation of cell organelles of nitrogen-fixing nodules of cowpea by discontinuous and continuous sucrose density centrifugation indicated that starch-containing plastids possessed the complete pathway for purine nucleotide synthesis, and both cell types possessed the necessary enzyme complement for ureide formation.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors test Rogers' protection motivation theory and Fishbein's behavioral intention model and find that feelings of citizen's duty to conserve water and concern about the water situation are closely related to behavioral intentions.
Abstract: To test Rogers' protection motivation theory and Fishbein's behavioral intention model, subjects observed one of four water conservation films which differed according to message severity (high/low) and efficacy of conserving (high/low). A questionnaire assessed the impact of the films on (1) the arguments (informational items) presented; (2) beliefs external to the films; (3) fear arousal; (4) Fishbein's mediating variables SN and Aact; (5) appraised severity and efficacy; and (6) behavioral intention to conserve water. High efficacy and low severity messages increased positive evaluative attitudes (Aact) toward conserving water. Although there was no effect for these manipulations on behavioral intention, the film groups, when compared with a control group which did not observe a fdm, showed significantly greater intentions to conserve water. These results are accounted for through an informational analysis of the beliefs affected by the films. This analysis provided evidence that feelings of citizen's duty to conserve water and concern about the water situation are closely related to behavioral intentions. This analysis did not support Fishbein's assertion of a dominant mediational role for SN and/or Aact in predicting behavioral intentions. The possible inclusion of a moral norm measure as a third component of Fishbein's model is discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, mass balance calculations for CO, and P flux in Shark Bay, a large hypcrsalinc embayment in Western Australia, and use those calculations to interpret characteristics and constraints of physical, chemical, and biological fluxes of materials in this and related systems.
Abstract: Deviations of total CO,, total alkalinity, and reactive P from conservative evaporation lines are used to quantify nonconservative fluxes of these materials in a negative estuary; the fluxes arc then partitioned among CaCO, prodllction, net community organic carbon production, and CO, gas evasion. The rate of organic metabolism for the system is controlled by nutrient delivery, although individual communities within the system support higher local metabolic rates than the bay-wide average by exchange of materials between autotrophic and hcterotrophic components. The three CO, flux processes act in concert to keep pII and Pcoz relatively constant. Despite the considerable understanding of the chemistry of CO, in seawater (summarized by Skirrow 1975), relatively few investigators have capitalized on CO, flux to decipher rates of CaCO, production, organic carbon metabolism, and CO, gas flux in specific ecosystems. The investigation by Broecker and Takahashi (1966) of the Bahama Banks, studies of various coral reefs (Smith 1981; Kinsey 1979; and other papers cited therein), and the study by Johnson et al. (1979) of Stuart Channel, British Columbia, are among the fairly limited exceptions to this generalization. We develop here mass balance calculations for CO, and P flux in Shark Bay, a large hypcrsalinc embayment in Western Australia, and use those calculations to interpret characteristics and constraints of physical, chemical, and biological fluxes of materials in this and related systems. We thank the following individuals who have provided critical comments, ideas, or data incorporated into this paper: J. Imberger, J. Hansen, R. Johannes, B. Logan, A. McComb, J. Searle, D. Walker, C. D’Elia, and an unnamed reviewer. F. Sal’ This research was supported by the University of Western Australia (University Development Fund) and by a grant from the Austdian Mwille Sciences and Technologies Grants Committee. ’ Present address: Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, P.O. Box 1346, Kancohe 96744. leo and G. Roberts provided technical assistance. Our particular thanks to S. Korner, skipper of the RV Uniwest.
TL;DR: It was shown that kinaesthetically undeveloped children can be trained to perceive and memorize kinaesthetic information with greatly improved accuracy and perceptual training facilitates the performance of a drawing skill.
Abstract: This paper reviews studies which demonstrate the importance of kinaesthesis in the acquisition and performance of motor skills. A method of measuring kinaesthetic sensitivity in children and adults (recently developed) is briefly described. Developmental trends in kinaesthetic perception are discussed and large individual differences found within age groups. It was shown that kinaesthetically undeveloped children can be trained to perceive and memorize kinaesthetic information with greatly improved accuracy. Furthermore perceptual training facilitates the performance of a drawing skill. On the basis of these results an argument is made for the importance of kinaesthesis in skilled motor behaviour.
TL;DR: The upper temperature limits for germination of spores of Glomus caledonium, Gigaspora calospora and Acaulospora laevis were less than those in moist soils in the natural habitat of the fungi, a feature which may have an ecological role.
Abstract: Spores of Glomus caledonium, Gigaspora calospora and Acaulospora laevis from the same source and grown under the same conditions had different temperature limits for germination. Within these limits, temperature affected the duration of the period between imbibition and the onset of germination. Over most of the range, for each fungus, temperature caused no change in either the proportion of the spores which germinated, the time (after onset of germination) taken for the maximum proportion to germinate or the rate and extent of hyphal growth. At temperatures close to the limits, the rate of both spore germination and hyphal extension were decreased. The upper temperature limits for germination were less than those in moist soils in the natural habitat of the fungi, a feature which may have an ecological role.
TL;DR: Experiments were conducted in order to determine whether the human visual system is sensitive to the orientational uniformity of otherwise nonuniform point-pair elements and to their midpoint collinearity, and indicate that there are three processes involved in the perception of bilaterally symmetric dot textures.
Abstract: If a random-dot texture is reflected about a given axis, the resulting bilateral symmetry is immediately detected. In order to account for this ability, it has been suggested that the visual system detects reflection in these dot textures because of the existence of a symmetric neural organization, centered about the fovea, which performs a point-by-point analysis. As yet, there is no evidence of such an organization in the human visual system. An alternative description of a bilaterally symmetric texture, that of a two-dimensional distribution of uniformly oriented point-pair elements, of nonuniform size and with collinear midpoints, is more consistent with known mammalian visual-system neurophysiology. Experiments were conducted in order to determine whether the human visual system is sensitive to the orientational uniformity of otherwise nonuniform point-pair elements and to their midpoint collinearity. The results indicate that there are three processes involved in the perception of bilaterally symmetric dot textures: the detection of orientational uniformity of the different sized point-pair elements; the fusion of salient element point-pairs into a salient feature; the detection of the symmetry of the resulting feature. This component-process hypothesis eliminates the necessity to postulate the existence of a symmetrical neural organization centered about the fovea.
TL;DR: The response of mycorrhizal infection to changes in inoculum density was similar in form for Glomus tenuis and G. monosporus, but the amount of infection produced by each fungus was directly proportional to its frequency in the inoculum.
Abstract: SUMMARY The response of mycorrhizal infection to changes in inoculum density was similar in form for Glomus tenuis and Glomus monosporus. Nevertheless, G. tenuis produced considerably more infection per propagule unit than did G. monosporus, probably due to a greater ability of G. tenuis to produce secondary infection points. When mixed inocula of the two fungi were used, both the time of harvest and the frequency of each fungus in the inoculum influenced the competitive effects. Glomus tenuis was slow to form infection points, and was less aggressive than G. monosporus at 12- and 24-day harvests. By 36 days the two fungi were equally aggressive and the amount of infection produced by each fungus was directly proportional to its frequency in the inoculum.