Showing papers in "Biological Psychiatry in 1996"

TL;DR: Prior insomnia remained a significant predictor of subsequent major depression when history of other prior depressive symptoms was controlled for, and complaints of 2 weeks or more of insomnia nearly every night might be a useful marker of subsequent onset of major depression.

TL;DR: It is suggested that GAD and its cardinal feature (worry), are associated with lower cardiac vagal control.

TL;DR: Hippocampal volume was directly correlated with combat exposure, which suggests that traumatic stress may damage the hippocampus and smaller hippocampi volume may be a pre-existing risk factor for combat exposure and/or the development of PTSD upon combat exposure.

TL;DR: The pattern of cortisol secretion and regulation observed in the PTSD group under baseline conditions may reflect an exaggerated sensitization, whereas the chronobiological alterations in depression may reflect dysregulation, of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.

TL;DR: Bipolar disorder has a strong relationship to a history of suicide attempts relative to unipolar disorder and other Axis I disorders.

TL;DR: Results indicate neurophysiological dysfunction within the cortical and subcortical structures that serve the frontal/striatal system and models suggesting both hypo- or hyperarousal of these structures are supported.

TL;DR: These findings, together with other converging lines of evidence, suggest that deficient pallidal inhibition may be etiologically related to tic and movement disorders.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that rest-activity rhythm disturbances may improve by increasing environmental light and daytime activity, an assumption for which empirical evidence has recently been published.

TL;DR: It is concluded that high CSF free testosterone concentrations areassociated with competitive aggression, while low CSF 5-HIAA concentrations are associated with severe aggression which results from impaired impulse control, and perseverance.

TL;DR: The study demonstrates a remarkable association between first-episode schizophrenia and substance abuse, but a unidirectional causality is not supported, nor is a specific psychotic disorder in comorbid cases.

TL;DR: Women activated a significantly wider portion of their limbic system than did men during transient sadness, despite similar self-reported changes in mood, which may aid in understanding gender differences with respect to emotion and mood.

TL;DR: The features of emotion recognition in MD and STP groups reflect some differences in the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the affect-related dysfunction in these groups of depressed patients.

TL;DR: It is suggested that a DRD2 variant in linkage disequilibrium with the D2A1 allele confers an increased risk to PTSD, and the absence of the variant confers a relative resistance to PTSD.

TL;DR: It appears that clozapine, compared to typical neuroleptics, has distinct effects on P50 gating, and at the 100 msec interval there was an inverse relationship between sensory gating of P50 and clozAPine dose, independent of clinical response.

TL;DR: The findings indicated an initial, but unsustained, increase in locomotor activity in a neutral environment due to traumatic stress, which appears to produce behavioral changes analogous to those seen in patients with PTSD.

TL;DR: It is concluded that neuroimaging techniques are starting to equip us to conceptualize functional changes in the limbic loop containing the anterior cingulate as the common denominator of change and therapy effects in depressive states.

TL;DR: Results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of repeated d-amphetamine challenges in a sample of normal human volunteers suggest that behavioral sensitization is measurable in human subjects.

TL;DR: The results suggest that PKC-mediated phosphorylation is increased in brains of subjects with bipolar affective illness.

TL;DR: The data are consistent with the hypothesis that DRD2 gene variants marked by TaqI restriction fragment length polymorphisms may work, probably in concert with other genetic and environmental factors, to enhance vulnerability to psychostimulant abuse.

TL;DR: A diagnosis of PTSD should be considered with patients who have positive symptoms in the absence of thought disorder, and some of these positive symptoms did not appear to be due to reexperience of the trauma.

TL;DR: If the prevalence and severity of osteoporosis is elevated among persons with chronic schizophrenia, then it represents a medical condition that should receive additional attention.

TL;DR: BL therapy might be efficacious to prevent relapse after PSD, and patients in the DL condition relapsed after the recovery night and showed no further improvement of the depressive syndrome after 1 week of DL therapy.

TL;DR: Altered brain noradrenergic neurotransmission in suicide victims may be due to fewer norad Renergic neurons in the locus coeruleus, but further studies are needed to determine whether this noradRenergic neuron loss is associated with an underlying major depression or specifically with suicidal behavior.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the ACE I/D polymorphism is one of the genetic factors for an interindividual variability of brain SP levels, and that theACE polymorphism may contribute to the susceptibility to affective disorders.

TL;DR: Examining the relationship between low birth weight (LBW) and specific neurocognitive abilities at 6 years of age in a large-scale nonconcurrent prospective study revealed that test performance varied within birth weight levels and that performance continued to improve with increased birth weight well above 3000 g.

TL;DR: The importance of these findings to postulated mechanisms involving prefrontal rather than mediotemporal lobe (MTL) function in schizophrenia are discussed, as is the relevance of the use of smell identification ability to subtype identification and rehabilitative strategies.

TL;DR: This is the first community-based study to report an association between TSH elevation and dementia, and is consistent with recent evidence that subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with cognitive impairment, and that thyroidal state may influence cerebral metabolism.

TL;DR: This study compared the serum lipid concentrations in 100 patients with major depressive disorder with those from 100 matched healthy controls to suggest an association between low serum total cholesterol and depression in both sexes and at all age groups.

TL;DR: Functional evidence is provided that in the human brain effects of peptides like AVP may be facilitated after IN as compared to i.v. administration, which is a way to circumvent the blood-brain barrier.