Showing papers in "Bioresource Technology in 2005"

TL;DR: This paper reviews process parameters and their fundamental modes of action for promising pretreatment methods and concludes that pretreatment processing conditions must be tailored to the specific chemical and structural composition of the various, and variable, sources of lignocellulosic biomass.

TL;DR: Comparative data were developed on sugar recovery from hemicellulose and cellulose by the combined pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis operations when applied to corn stover through a Biomass Refining Consortium for Applied Fundamentals and Innovation (CAFI).

TL;DR: Further work is required in specifying acceptable fuel characteristics, confirming the long-term effects on engine durability, and ensuring safety in handling and storing ethanol-diesel blends.

TL;DR: Individual xylose and glucose yields are reported as a percentage of the total potential yield of both sugars over a range of sulfuric acid concentrations to suggest that enhanced hemicellulase activity could further improve xylOSE yields, particularly for low cellulase loadings.

TL;DR: The adsorptions of these metals were found to be dependent on solution pH, and highest adsorption occurred at 1-2 for Cr(VI) and 3-6 for the rest of the metal ions, respectively.

TL;DR: Natural attenuation was more effective than biostimulation (addition of nutrients), most notably in the Hong Kong soil, and bioaugmentation of the Long Beach soil showed the greatest degradation in the light and heavy fractions of TPH.

TL;DR: Five pretreatment processes for the liberation of sugars from corn stover are compared on a consistent basis and there is little differentiation between the projected economic performances of the pretreatment options.

TL;DR: The immobilized lipase PS proved to be stable and lost little activity when was subjected to repeated uses and was consistently more active than the free enzyme in transesterification of soybean oil with methanol and ethanol.

TL;DR: Overall sugar yields from hemicellulose and cellulose in the coupled pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis operations were high and high for all of the pretreatments with corn stover, and high-pH methods were found to offer promise in reducing cellulase use provided hemICEllulase activity can be enhanced.

TL;DR: An optimized controlled pH, liquid hot water pretreatment process maximizes the solubilization of the hemicellulose fraction as liquid soluble oligosaccharides while minimizing the formation of monomeric sugars.

TL;DR: From the results, enzymatic extracts of the brown seaweeds might be valuable antioxidative sources and display a marked correlation with phenolic contents.

TL;DR: Important fuel properties of methyl esters of Pongamia oil (Biodiesel) compare well with ASTM and German biodiesel standards.

TL;DR: The sorption of three basic dyes, named basic violet 10, basic violet 1, and basic green 4, from aqueous solutions onto sugarcane dust was studied and indicated that the Chi-square test provided a better determination for the three sets of experimental data.

TL;DR: No single parameter can be taken as an index of compost maturity, however, C:N ratio and CO(2) evolved from finished compost can be take as the most reliable indices of compost mature.

TL;DR: Following manure spreading to land, E. coli O157, Salmonella and Campylobacter generally survived in the soil for up to one month after application to both the sandy arable and clay loam grassland soils, whereas Listeria commonly survived for more than one month.

TL;DR: Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of rye straw and bermudagrass before enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose was investigated in this study to investigate the enzymatics digestibility of the biomass.

TL;DR: Corn stover was pretreated with an excess of calcium hydroxide in non-oxidative and oxidative conditions at 25, 35, 45, and 55 degrees C and some cellulose and hemicellulose were solubilized as monomers and oligomers in the pretreatment liquor.

TL;DR: The results indicate that pine sawdust could be employed as low-cost alternative to commercial activated carbon in aqueous solution for the removal of metal complex dyes.

TL;DR: The kinetic experimental data correlated well with the second-order kinetic model, indicating that the chemical sorption was the rate-limiting step and results showed that chitosan and cross-linked chitOSan beads were favourable adsorbers.

TL;DR: The Langmuir model and Freundlich equation were applied to the experimental data and the LangmuIR model was found to be in better correlation with the experimentalData.

TL;DR: The X-ray crystallography data indicate that the basic crystalline structure of the cellulosic component of corn stover is not altered by the ARP treatment, and low-liquid ARP can reduce the liquid throughput and residence time to 3.3 mL/g-biomass and 10-12 min, without adversely affecting the overall effectiveness.

TL;DR: Overall, ethanol production from sorghum bagasse appears very favorable, but other agricultural residues would likely provide a more attractive feedstock for making ethanol in the medium and long term due to their extensive availability in North China and their independence from other markets.

TL;DR: The essential oils of Juniperus macropoda and Pimpinella anisum were highly effective as both larvicidal and ovicidal, and Zingiber officinale and Rosmarinus officinalis were found to be ovicidal and repellent, respectively towards the three mosquito species.

TL;DR: A study was undertaken to examine the effect of temperature, moisture and storage time on the accumulation of free fatty acid in the rice bran and found that most triacylglyceride was hydrolyzed andFree fatty acid (FFA) content was raised up to 76% in six months.

TL;DR: It has been found that the Bacillus strains were able to occur simultaneously aerobic nitrification/denitrification and the B3 process using the Bacilli strains seemed to possess some economic advantages.

TL;DR: Results suggested strongly that polyphenol content should be considered as an important feature of the herbal drug Maydis stigma and the biological source of this herbal drug needs to be more precisely defined, as observed activities andpolyphenol contents were greatly dependent on plant material source.

TL;DR: Comparisons of the antifungal indices of cinnamaldehyde's congeners proved that cinnAMaldehyde exhibited the strongest antIFungal activities.

TL;DR: The partial flow approach could be further improved by optimizing the operating strategy and reaction conditions, suggesting that this novel pretreatment could lead to advanced biomass pretreatment technology.

TL;DR: The results suggest that dried algal biomass produced from treatment of anaerobically digested dairy manure can substitute for commercial fertilizers used for potting systems.