Showing papers in "Brain Research in 1996"

TL;DR: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) support the viability and function of many types of neurons, and are likely mediators of activity-dependent changes in the CNS.

TL;DR: The results suggest that activation of the immune system in rats produces anhedonia and other depressive-like symptoms, which can be attenuated or completely blocked by chronic treatment with an antidepressant drug.

TL;DR: In this article, a sensitive quantitative fluorescence method was used to explore the time course and regional pattern of blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo).

TL;DR: The results confirm that the deposition of beta-amyloid peptide in the brain is in some way related to impairment of learning and cholinergic degeneration and suggest that the [25-35] fragment of the Beta 25-35 protein, sufficient to induce neuronal death in cultures, also induces an Alzheimer's-type amnesia in mice.

TL;DR: The results suggest that altered accumbens and cortical extracellular dopamine concentrations during social threat are not secondary to motor activation but instead reflect increased attention to the provocative stimulus or attempts by the intruder to 'cope' with the stimulus.

TL;DR: AAV vectors can transfer foreign genes into the adult and neonatal CNS, but the pattern and longevity of gene expression depends upon the area of brain being studied, particularly in multipolar neurons close to the infusion site.

TL;DR: The recording capabilities of the Utah Intracortical Electrode Array in combination with the large number of electrodes available for recording make the array a tool well suited for investigations into the parallel processing mechanisms in cortex.

TL;DR: The presence of BDNF protein in blood and brain regions at quantities which greatly exceed those described for NGF confirm the abundant distribution of this broadly-acting neurotrophic factor.

TL;DR: Select common brain regions were identified that express Fos-LI in empirical models of anxiety that provide a functional framework to explore neuroanatomical sites of action of psychotherapeutic drugs that influence behavioral responses in these tasks.

TL;DR: Comparison of the present hypothesis with alternative explanations of MMN based on the presence and strength of auditory transient memory traces supported the model adjustment hypothesis.

TL;DR: It is concluded that frequency and state specific changes occur as a function of age, and that sleep dependent decline in SWA and increase in sleep spindle activity are attenuated with age.

TL;DR: Results imply that circulating IL-1 beta acts on its receptor on the endothelial cells of the brain vasculature to induce COX-2 mRNA, which is possibly responsible for the elevated level of PGE2 seen during fever.

TL;DR: Immunolocalization of advanced glycation end-products and a marker of oxidative stress response induction provides evidence that glycoxidation and oxidative stress may be an important pathogenic factor in diseases characterized by Lewy body formation, and furthers the evidence that cytoskeletal proteins and their inclusions are susceptible to oxidative stress.

TL;DR: The data indicate that the regulation of apoptosis by T is one mechanism involved in the sexual differentiation of the SDN-POA.

TL;DR: This is the first time that spontaneous repetitive cortical SD cycles have been recorded from the cerebral cortex of a patient suffering from severe head injury and ischemic depolarization, characterized by decrease in CBF and an irreversible increase in extracellular K+, was recorded.

TL;DR: In this article, the prefrontal cortex of the right hemisphere was found to be a key structure to make a decision not to move during the response selection task and the GO/NO-GO task.

TL;DR: The temporal evolution of irreversible neuronal damage from pilocarpine-induced seizures was studied by light microscopy and the hippocampal CA2 region and dentate granule cell layer and the caudate-putamen, considered resistant to seizure-induced cell injury, were all damaged from SE lasting 40 min or more.

TL;DR: Differences between females and males were detected in the phases of sexual activity that resulted in Fos immunoreactivity in these brain areas, allowing more insight in the nature of the sensory and hormonal stimuli leading to the induction of Fos Immunoreactivity.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the existence of at least two subclasses of receptor neurons in the vomeronasal epithelium with differential projections to the AOB is a conserved feature among mammals.

TL;DR: It is suggested that altered axolemmal permeability triggers a rapid, yet persisting general cytoskeletal change most likely linked to local ionic disregulation, and marks a site of impaired axonal transport, associated with upstream axoplasmic swelling and eventual axonal detachment.

TL;DR: The zebrafish pineal should be useful for in vitro studies of vertebrate circadian clock mechanisms and the phase of this rhythm was reset by in vitro exposure to phase-shifted light cycles.

TL;DR: The present results are in agreement with previous studies showing that elevations in corticosterone or an acute episode of experimentally induced stress in vivo causes a suppression in LTP in the hippocampal CA1 field, in vitro.

TL;DR: The production of IL-6 within the injured brain may likely contribute to the release of neurotrophic factors by astrocytes, as indicated by the clinical outcome of the patients.

TL;DR: Unilateral lesions of the forelimb area of the sensorimotor cortex in adult rats resulted in time-dependent increases in the number of synapses per neuron and the volume and membrane surface area of dendritic processes per neuron within layer V of the contralateral motor cortex in comparison to sham-operated rats.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that administration of PROG to the male rat before or 2 hours after onset of MCAO reduces ischemic cell damage and improves physiological and neurological function 2 days after stroke, suggesting potential therapeutic properties of PROG in the management of stroke.

TL;DR: The results suggest that BDNF increased synthesis and/or turnover of serotonin, and to a lesser extent dopamine, in the mature rat forebrain and point to possible functional roles for BDNF in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions which involve a dysregulation of these monoamine systems.

TL;DR: Increased CP concentrations in brain in these disorders may indicate a localized acute phase-type response and/or a compensatory increase to oxidative stress.

TL;DR: It is concluded that CA1 and CA3 hippocampal subregions each play significant roles in the overall integration of information concerning spatial and associative learning.

TL;DR: Astrocytes in the CA1 subfield activated by ischemia appear to mediate the neuroprotection with PACAP38, in contrast to those with other neuroprotective compounds and should be clinically important.

TL;DR: The results suggest that enhanced expression of neuronal NF-kappa B occurs in areas affected by AD pathology.