Showing papers in "Brain Research in 2009"

TL;DR: The main conclusions are that stress or cortisol treatment temporarily blocks memory retrieval and cortisol enhances memory consolidation, which is stronger for emotional arousing material independent of its valence.

TL;DR: While the FRN may function as a general mechanism that evaluates whether the outcome is consistent or inconsistent with expectation, the P300 is sensitive to a later, top-down controlled process of outcome evaluation, into which factors related to the allocation of attentional resources come to play.

TL;DR: Curcumin protected the brain from damage caused by MCAO, this effect may be through upregulation of the transcription factor Nrf2 expression.

TL;DR: Compelling evidence argues that these brain stress systems, a heretofore largely neglected component of dependence and addiction, play a key role in engaging the transition to dependence and maintaining dependence once it is initiated.

TL;DR: This study is an initial effort comparing several microelectrode arrays with fundamentally different configurations for use in an implantable epilepsy prosthesis and suggests significant variability within and between microElectrode types with no clear superior array.

TL;DR: Data provide support for the theory that increased distractibility in at least some participants with ADHD may be due to an inability to sufficiently suppress activity in the default attention network in response to increasing task difficulty.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that BDNF has a major role in exercise's cognitive effects in traumatically injured brain and blocking BDNF greatly reduced the molecular effects of exercise.

TL;DR: In conclusion, dynamic facial expressions might provide a more appropriate approach to examine the processing of emotional face perception than static stimuli.

TL;DR: Results indicate that higher-fit individuals show significantly greater CNV amplitudes, reflecting enhanced task preparation processes, as well as decreased amplitudes in N2, indexing more efficient executive control processes.

TL;DR: The findings of this study highlight the ability of resveratrol in anatomical and functional preservation of ischemic neurovascular units and its relevance in the treatment of isChemic stroke.

TL;DR: It is observed that H(2) saline treatment reduced the caspase activity, MDA, Iba-1 levels, the infarct ratio, and improved the long-term neurological and neurobehavioral functions.

TL;DR: Obesity and altered cortisol levels may contribute to the impact of T2DM on the hippocampal formation, resulting in decreased verbal declarative memory performance.

TL;DR: The present data support a link between mu suppression and a human Mirror Neuron System by finding parallels between the reported patterns of fMRI activations and patterns of mu suppression.

TL;DR: The present review aims to close existing gaps between basic research in psychopathology, neurobiology and treatment development with the ultimate goal to translate basic research into clinically relevant findings which may directly benefit patients with PTSD.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that the upregulation of TDP-43 expression with prominent cytosolic localization in motor neurons injured by degenerative processes such as ALS may actually represent an appropriate response to neuronal injury.

TL;DR: Data suggest that the expression of Cu transporters is higher in brain barriers than in brain parenchyma; the Cu transport into the brain is mainly achieved through the BBB as a free Cu ion and the BCB may serve as a main regulatory site of Cu in the CSF.

TL;DR: A neural network simulations that capture the interactions between instruction-driven and reinforcement-driven behavior via two potential neural circuits are presented, suggesting the existence of a "confirmation bias" in which the PFC/HC system trains the reinforcement system by amplifying outcomes that are consistent with instructions while diminishing inconsistent outcomes.

TL;DR: Mindsets for concrete, moderately abstract, and highly abstract information were associated with stronger relative recruitment of ventrolateral, dorsolateral, and rostrolateral PFC regions, respectively, suggesting a functional topography whereby increasingly anterior regions are preferentially associated with representations of increasing abstraction.

TL;DR: It is reported that miR-21 was involved in mediating chemoresistance to VM-26 in glioblastoma cells and identified and validated LRRFIP1, whose product is an inhibitor of NF-kappaB signaling, as a direct target gene of miR -21.

TL;DR: The time course and dynamics of demyelination differ in the corpus callosum and in the cortex, suggesting different underlying pathomechanisms.

TL;DR: Results suggest that abnormal functional relationships between the putamen and the cortical-striatal-thalamic circuits as well as the default mode network may underlie the pathological basis of ADHD.

TL;DR: The studies suggest that descending pain inhibitory or facilitatory pathways from RVM act ultimately in the spinal cord in acute and chronic pain states through activation of 5-HT7 and5-HT3 receptors, respectively.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that miR-146b is involved in glioma cell migration and invasion by targeting MMPs, and implicate miR -146b as a metastasis-inhibiting miRNA in gl ioblastoma.

TL;DR: The observed pattern of effects suggests that vascular risk may drive the expansion of age-related white matter damage from anterior to posterior regions.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that insulin-stimulated translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane in the rat hippocampus occurs via similar mechanisms as described in peripheral tissues and suggests that diabetes-mediated translocation in the hippocampus may provide a mechanism through which hippocampal neurons rapidly increase glucose utilization during increases in neuronal activity associated with hippocampal-dependent learning.

TL;DR: The results are consistent with the hypothesis that oxidative stress, in particular lipid peroxidation, is an early event in the progression of AD, and is the first to identify in EAD identical brain proteins previously identified as HNE-modified in MCI and late-state AD.

TL;DR: Resting-state connectivity disturbance of PCC-temporal cortex may be a central role in cognitive deficit in aMCI patients and this would be consonant with the recruitment of compensatory mechanisms and the process of offset functional impairments appearing as neuropathologic develops.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the interaction of TDP-43 with the NFL mRNA 3' UTR involves ribonucleotide motifs present on stem loops of the 3'UTR as well as the RRM1 and RRM2 motifs of T DP-43, which suggest that NFL mRNA processing is fundamentally altered in ALS spinal motor neurons to favour compartmentalization within both stress granules and P-bodies.

TL;DR: It is shown for the first time that CCL7 protein production can be stimulated in astrocytes by cytokines, and that the upregulation may involve NFkappaB- and p38/JNK-regulated pathways.

TL;DR: The microarray based analysis of microRNA expression in rat cerebral cortex after traumatic brain injury has shown that some microRNA such as miR-21 could be involved in the intricate process of TBI course.