Showing papers in "Brain Research in 2014"

TL;DR: A new model emerges in which it is proposed that cortico-limbic networks interact to support parental brain responses to infants, including circuitry for arousal/salience/motivation/reward, reflexive/instrumental caring, emotion response/regulation and integrative/complex cognitive processing.

TL;DR: It is suggested that anthocyanin- and proanthocyanidin-rich botanical extracts may alleviate neurodegeneration in PD via enhancement of mitochondrial function.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the tail of the caudate nucleus and extrastriate visual cortex respond preferentially to task-irrelevant but previously reward-associated objects, providing an attentional priority signal that is sensitive to reward history.

TL;DR: This pilot study suggests that daily administration of intranasal oxytocin at 0.4 IU/kg/dose in children and adolescents with ASD is safe and has therapeutic potential and larger studies are warranted.

TL;DR: A "bowtie" model of OT's role at the interface of social attachment and anxiety is proposed, and questions and priorities for studying both the clinical potential of OT in anxiety, as well as mechanisms that may underlie this potential are proposed.

TL;DR: G gaps in knowledge regarding the neural circuits related to pain and SCS in the dorsal horn, supraspinal structures, and the Pain Matrix are identified and current experimental and computational models used to investigate and optimize SCS are critiqued.

TL;DR: The current knowledge of BDNF epigenetic regulation with respect to psychiatric disorders is summarized and how this information can be applied in therapy and future research is described.

TL;DR: The data suggests that miR-21 can reduce the number of TUNEL-positive neurons and can exert the function of reducing neuronal apoptosis through activating the PTEN-Akt signaling pathway.

TL;DR: Functional imaging studies investigating the effects of intranasal oxytocin (OT) on brain responses to social stimuli are summarized and open questions related to the possible role of sex differences and hormonal status, genetic variability, and individual differences in socio-cognitive functioning are highlighted.

TL;DR: This discovery suggests that the regulated cellular pathway, which utilizes assembly of RNA binding proteins to package and silence mRNAs during stress, may be integral in the aberrant pathological protein aggregation that occurs in numerous neurodegenerative conditions.

TL;DR: Modulation of the mitochondrial dysfunction is an important mechanism by GA attenuating hypoxia/reoxygenation insult and the results support that GA is useful against cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion injury as a potential protective agent.

TL;DR: Moyamoya disease-deficient mice generated by deleting exon 32 of RNF213 by the Cre-lox system did not spontaneously develop MMD, indicating that a functional loss of R NF213 did not sufficiently induce MMD.

TL;DR: The role of the pericytes within the immune system is regulated and fine-tuned by different cytokines strongly depending on the time when the cytokines are released and their concentration.

TL;DR: How synchronous bio-behavioral processes with mother and father support the human infant's entry into the family unit and prepare the child for joining the larger social world is specified.

TL;DR: The aim of the present review is to bring together evidence from animal and human research concerning the role of oxytocin in postpartum depression, and to highlight areas that deserve further research in order to bring a fuller understanding of Oxytocin's therapeutic potential.

TL;DR: The study indicated that miR-23a-3p suppressed oxidative stress and lessened cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that p38 MAPK signaling pathway plays an important role in the ischemic stroke-induced astrogliosis and thus may serve as a novel target to control glial scar formation.

TL;DR: In general, age-dependent aggravation of absence seizures in WAG/Rij rats did not affect EEG properties of sleep spindles; it was suggested that pro-epileptic changes in thalamo-cortical network in W AG/ Rij rats might prevent dynamic changes of sleepSpindles that were detected in Wistar.

TL;DR: Recent advances in the understanding of prosaposin, its receptors and their importance in the nervous system are described.

TL;DR: It is found that the beneficial effects of H2 on brain injury in septic mice were linked to the decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative products and the increased activities of antioxidant enzymes in serum and hippocampus.

TL;DR: It is concluded that future work should control carefully for anxiolytic and gender effects, which could underlie inconsistencies in the existing literature on intranasally delivered oxytocin effects on social cognition and behavior.

TL;DR: The disease phenotype was gender- and genetic background-dependent, with congenic C57BL/6J male mice exhibiting the most aggressive form of the disease, with neither gender exhibited compelling ALS-like neuromuscular deficits, irrespective of age.

TL;DR: The priming effects of tDCS are timing dependent, and maybe a critical regulatory feature in determining outcomes of priming with tDCS, and both tDCS groups demonstrated enhanced motor learning when tested 24 hours after practice.

TL;DR: How the OT and AVP systems have been investigated in Autism Spectrum Disorder, Prader-Willi Syndrome, PWS, Williams Syndrome, and Fragile X syndrome are reviewed, suggesting that altered OT pathways may be downstream from different etiological factors and perturbations in development.

TL;DR: Findings showed thatmiR-135a, -200b and -429 may take part in the progress of AD; miR-200b was of great potential as noninvasive and easily detected blood-based biomarkers of MCI and DAT patients.

TL;DR: Data suggest that IUGR differentially affects gray and white matter development preferentially affecting gray matter at 12 months, and is associated with a specific set of structural gray-matter decrements.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electromyography (EMG) to capture neural activity and found that MI has similar spatial activation patterns as ME, including activation of contralateral primary motor and somatosensory cortices.

TL;DR: The results imply that HO-1 can decrease cell apoptosis in the I/R rat brain and that the mechanism may be related to the activation of the BDNF-TrkB-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

TL;DR: The findings underscore the involvement of oxytocin in regulating the mother's responsive engagement with her infant, particularly in times when the infant's need for access to the mother is greatest.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that berberine-mediated neuroprotection after ischemia involves Akt/GSK3β/ERK 1/2 survival/apoptotic signaling pathway as well as JNK and caspase-3 activity inhibition.