Showing papers in "Brain Research Reviews in 1997"

TL;DR: The present review examines the literature and critically evaluates the extent to which the neural consequences of repeated psychostimulant administration are associated with the expression of behavioral sensitization.

TL;DR: A theoretical framework is proposed that leads to testable predictions regarding the acute effects of corticosteroids on cognitive function and new experimental protocols for use in humans are suggested that could help resolve discrepancies and assess more clearly the nature of the cognitive deficits induced by acute administration of cortICosteroids.

TL;DR: This work presents a meta-anatomy of the adrenal gland and its role in the development and management of disease and urges further investigation into the role of “cell reprograming” and “reconcretization” in the course of disease progression.

TL;DR: A GSH-depletion model of neurodegenerative disorders is provided, experimental verifications of this model are suggested, and potential therapeutic approaches for preventing or halting these diseases are proposed.

TL;DR: While the proposed hypothesis implies that changes in activity in cortical ACh simultaneously occur throughout the cortex, the selectivity and precision of the functions of cholinergic function is due to its coordinated interactions with the activity of converging sensory or associational inputs.

TL;DR: Risold et al. as mentioned in this paper examined the organization of lateral septal connections with respect to its newly defined subdivisions, using anterograde (PHAL) and retrograde (fluorogold) axonal tracer methods.

TL;DR: Evidence is presented that in rat DA neurons, bursts are engendered by the activity of cortically-regulated afferents, and factors which do play a crucial role in burst production in DA neurons are integrated into a theory from which arises a series of hypotheses amenable to empirical investigation.

TL;DR: Although there are some contradictions, the bulk of data suggests that antidepressant treatments work in the hippocampus by increasing and decreasing, respectively, serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission.

TL;DR: Through their reward-related effects, glucocorticoids may play a key role in tuning adaptation to stress and in determining reward- related behavioral pathologies.

TL;DR: Hypothalamic output is characterized by descending projections to brainstem and spinal motor systems, and by projections back to the cerebral cortex, which are both direct and via a continuous rostromedial part of the dorsal thalamus.

TL;DR: Combined intervention using antioxidants, metal chelators, anti-inflammatory drugs and AGE-inhibitors may be a promising neuroprotective strategy.

TL;DR: The present work reviewed primate data on the topographical organization of STN afferents from GPe, and STN efferents to the pallidum, striatum and SNR, and suggested the existence of three closed indirect pathways and the organization of the open indirect pathways fits the recently suggested open interconnected scheme of basal ganglia thalamocortical circuitry.

TL;DR: Examination of the expression patterns of AP-1 and Zif268 transcription factors in the mammalian visual cortex under different conditions offers further insight into their likely functions and the extent to which transcription factors may represent patterns of neural activity as a possible prelude to plastic events.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the structure of the laminin molecule and the role it plays in development, pathfinding and regeneration in the vertebrate nervous system and provides new tools for probing growth cone behavior.

TL;DR: The present work reviews the receptor localizations and relates them to classic organizational patterns in the mammalian dorsal horn and modify present concepts about the wiring diagram of the nervous system.

TL;DR: For example, the authors showed that TGF beta, TNF alpha and the fibrillogenic amyloid beta-peptide (A beta) derivative of beta APP can promote damage of neuronal and glial cells, and may play roles in neurodegenerative disorders.

TL;DR: The well-studied functions of the brain renin-angiotensin system are reviewed, including electrophysiological activation, tachyphylaxis, long term potentiation, learning and memory, and cognitive affect.

TL;DR: Several microdialysis studies on BBB transport of drugs are presented showing that intracerebral micro dialysis is capable to assess localBBB transport profiles and methods have been proposed to determine recovery values.

TL;DR: Risold et al. as discussed by the authors examined the distribution of neurons and terminal fields that contain a variety of neurotransmitters and steroid hormone receptors in closely spaced series of sections throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the rat lateral septal nucleus.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify the sources of multisynaptic input to the trigeminal, facial, and hypoglossal motor nuclei using pseudorabies virus (PRV-Ba) injection.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the neural device involved in language is embedded into a large-scale neurocognitive network comprising widespread connections between the temporal, parietal and frontal cortices, involved in the temporal organization of behavior and motor sequences, and in working memory, a sort of short-term memory that participates in immediate cognitive processing.

TL;DR: The observations indicate that there is no correlation between senile plaque densities and degree of dementia in both disorders, and there is a differential cortical involvement in that parietal and cingulate areas are early affected in the course of Alzheimer's disease, and neocortical senile plaques densities are strongly correlated with the severity of dementia.

TL;DR: A paradox exists between reports of a decrease in zinc in the Alzheimer's brain and the putative link to aberrant high zinc levels promoting plaque formation, and an hypothesis to explain this inconsistency is presented.

TL;DR: Experimental evidence supports the hypothesis for the existence of other NCI high-affinity binding sites located not at the channel lumen but at non-luminal binding domains, and the link between specific subunits by means of the binding of ACh molecules might play a pivotal role in the relative shift among receptor subunits.

TL;DR: Thrombin-like proteases play a deleterious role, whereas serpins promote the development and maintenance of neuronal cells, suggesting changes in the balance between serine proteases and their cognate inhibitors may lead to pathological states similar to those associated with some neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.

TL;DR: The relationship between cholinergic compromise and amyloid deposition, as well as the Cholinergic system-associated factors which appear to participate in amyloids precursor protein processing, are discussed.

TL;DR: Observed changes in the central nervous system indicate that the CNS is not immune against the microangiopathic complications commonly found in various tissues of diabetic animals.

TL;DR: The properties of pial and cerebral microvessels are compared to determine whether the use of the pial microvessel as a model for BBB studies is valid and the need for more information on possible pialmicrovessel heterogeneity is stressed.

TL;DR: Well-characterized models of naturally occurring CAA, particularly aged dogs and non-human primates, have contributed unique insights into the biology of vascular amyloid in recent years and have shown considerable utility in deciphering the pathobiology of CAA.

TL;DR: Spatiotemporal patterns of parvicellular neurosecretory neuron generation (birthdates) were determined in the young adult male rat using a triple fluorescence labeling method, suggesting that neuroendocrine motoneurons may constitute 'pioneer neurons' for the various anatomically distinct regions of the periventricular zone.