Showing papers in "Catalysis Today in 2000"

TL;DR: The potential for the production of ethylene or liquid hydrocarbon fuels has not been fully realized as mentioned in this paper, and a number of strategies are being explored at levels that range from fundamental science to engineering technology.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the fundamental problems and challenges if urea-SCR is extended to mobile applications, including the control strategy for urea dosing, the high freezing point of urea, and the long term stability of the catalyst.

TL;DR: In this paper, the deactivation of catalysts has been investigated in the presence of palladium and platinum catalysts under mild conditions (293 −353 K and atmospheric pressure) and several causes of deactivation have been put forward: oxidation of metal, blocking of active sites by strong adsorption of sideproducts, metal leaching and growth of platinum crystallites.

TL;DR: New developments in liquid phase catalytic oxidations of alcohols with O2 and H2O2 as the primary oxidant are reviewed in this paper, where homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts are discussed and compared and emphasis is placed on methods having broad utility for the synthesis of fine chemicals.

TL;DR: The union of catalysts and the automobile has been one of the greatest successes of heterogeneous catalysis over the last 25 years as mentioned in this paper, and there will be continued research and development activity focused also on downstream applications (i.e. exhaust emission aftertreatment), especially for fuelefficient, lean-burn vehicles, both diesel and spark-ignited.

TL;DR: A review of the work done on photocatalytic reactions can be found in this paper, where the authors focus on two main themes: (i) light absorption evaluation when artificial light is used and (ii) description of reactor configurations and applications when solar radiation is employed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized the state of the art and analyzed the constraints of the technology and the role of the catalyst for syngas-based routes, and showed that the coverage of carbidic carbon which is the precursor for forming whisker carbon is determined by the methane dissociation and the availability of surface oxygen.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a revision of the work on suspended solid photocatalytic reactors, where the photon absorption rate was obtained as a function of position and the developed model was verified with careful experimental measurements.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the exit temperatures of methane/hydrogen/air mixtures flowing at atmospheric pressure through platinum coated honeycomb channels and investigated a single channel of this monolith by a two-dimensional Navier-Stokes simulation including an elementary-step surface reaction mechanism.

TL;DR: Green chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes which reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances as discussed by the authors, which is a new approach to scientifically-based environmental protection.

TL;DR: In this article, two distinct classes of promoters were identified for the reaction: simple iodide complexes of zinc, cadmium, mercury, indium and gallium and carbonyl complexes of tungsten, rhenium, ruthenium and osmium.

TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that PVAL-encapsulated catalysts can be much more suited for an efficient nitrate reduction than palladium-copper catalysts.

TL;DR: In this article, the behavior of a heterogeneous Fe3+-containing zeolite (Fe/ZSM5) was compared with the behaviour of homogeneous Fe 3+ catalysts at the same experimental conditions.

TL;DR: In this article, a composite membrane consisting of thin palladium layer deposited on the outer surface of porous ceramics by electroless-plating was proposed to overcome the limitations caused by Pd membranes, such as hydrogen embrittlement.

TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed overview of the key area of hydrodesulfurization chemistry concerning the desulfurisation of highly hindered sulfur containing molecules is presented, focusing on the problem posed by a particular class of compounds, namely hindered dibenzothiophenes.

TL;DR: In this article, the performance of Ni/ZrO 2 catalysts with different amounts of CeO 2 (0, 1, 8 and 20 ¼ ) were characterized after calcination at 800°C and after reaction of CH 4 reforming with CO 2.

TL;DR: In this article, the molecular structures and reactivity of the group V metal oxides (V 2 O 5, Nb 2 O5 and Ta 2 o 5 ) were compared.

TL;DR: In this article, the oxidation of supported cobalt-based slurry bed Fischer-Tropsch catalysts by means of water was studied, and it was demonstrated that Mossbauer emission spectroscopy can successfully be applied to the investigation of high cobalt loading Fischer-tropsch catalyst.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used three different materials (γ-Al2O3, SiO2 and activated carbon) as the supporting agents for different gold sols that were obtained by reducing HAuCl4 with NaBH4 in the presence of polyvinylalcohol (PVA) or PVP and with the tetrakis(hydroxymethylphosphonium chloride (THPC)/NaOH system.

TL;DR: Using a laboratory photoreactor including a lamp emitting around 365nm and a TiO 2 -coated fiber glass mesh, the removal rate of three very different pollutants (CO, n -octane, pyridine) was 5-10μmol per Wh consumed by the lamp for 50-2000 ppmv concentrations and 25-50 l−h −1 flow rates (dry air or O 2 ) as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the most promising catalyst was determined after different characterisation studies contained 2.8% of Ni and was calcined at 1100°C, exhibiting strong nickel-olivine interaction but the grafted nickel oxide particles stayed reducible under catalytic test conditions.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate three alternative formulations for simulating the steady-state flow and chemistry in a honeycomb channel for conditions that are typical of the catalytic combustion of natural gas.

TL;DR: In this article, a metal-supported catalyst system that integrates the endothermic methanol steam reforming with the exothermic combustion of methanols or hydrogen containing gas from the fuel cell offers good heat transfer characteristics.

TL;DR: In this paper, a photocatalytic membrane reactor was used for degradation of toxic organic species dissolved in water, and the catalyst, TiO 2 P25 Degussa, was immobilised by means of a flat sheet polymeric membrane and 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) was used as a model molecule to evaluate the reactor performance.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of catalytic oxidation reactions, which are greatly influenced by solid state effects in the catalyst material, is presented, focusing on the correlation between the presence of mobile ionic defects, together with the associated ionic conductivity, and the catalytic performance.

TL;DR: In this article, the kinetics of steam reforming of methane was determined on a Ni-YSZ anode, which they refer to as anode "A" and on anode modified by the addition of a basic compound, referred to as Anode "B".

TL;DR: The six-flow parallel reactor technology is proposed, which enables parallel catalyst testing, which enhances the number of catalysts tested significantly and reduces the time for kinetic studies, and operation costs are lowered and the success rate for important breakthroughs is increased.

TL;DR: In this article, a hybrid photocatalyst consisting of TiO2 and an adsorbent such as activated carbon was demonstrated for the photodecomposition of propionaldehyde in air atmosphere, and propyzamide and bromoform dissolved in water.

TL;DR: In this article, high surface area CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides were treated at 900-950°C either under wet air or under successive reducing and oxidizing atmospheres in order to study the evolution of the oxygen storage capacity (OSC) of these solids after different aging treatments.