Showing papers in "Clinical Immunology in 2020"

TL;DR: The current knowledge about this disease is reviewed and the potential explanation of the different symptomatology between children and adults is considered.

TL;DR: The clinical and immunological characteristics of severe patients, and the current evidence and share the experience in anti-inflammation treatment of patients with severe COVID-19 that may have an impaired immune system are discussed.

TL;DR: Understanding immune evasion strategies of SARS-CoV2 and the resulting delayed massive immune response will result in the identification of biomarkers that predict outcomes as well as phenotype and disease stage specific treatments that will likely include both antiviral and immune modulating agents.

TL;DR: The clinical course of a patient with severe ARDS due to COVID-19 pneumonia who was safely and successfully treated with the compstatin-based complement C3 inhibitor AMY-101 is reported.

TL;DR: The careful individual assessment for the possible dietary, nutritional, medical, lifestyle, and environmental risks, together with the proper relevant risk management strategies, is the sensible way to deal with the pandemic of SARS-CoV-II.

TL;DR: In a large cohort of COVID-19 patients of European origin, main risk factors for mortality were older age, comorbidities, low lymphocyte count and high RALE.

TL;DR: It is suggested that patients with systemic lupus erythematous might be especially prone to severe COVID-19 independent of their immunosuppressed state from lupUS treatment, and Epigenetic control of the ACE2 gene might be a target for prevention and therapy in CO VID-19.

TL;DR: Early clinical results offer important insights into the differential mechanistic basis and underlying biology of C3 and C5 inhibition in COVID-19 and point to a broader pathogenic involvement of C 3-mediated pathways in thromboinflammation.

TL;DR: Comorbidities, indicators of inflammation such as CRP and the ratio of neutrophils/lymphocytes, as well as the count of blood cells with T-lymphocyte subtypes in 172 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia found a firm correlation between the highest values of inflammation indicators with the decrease in percentage of CD8 T-glymphocytes.

TL;DR: For the first time in worldwide literature, scientific evidence is provided that in COVID-19 vasculitis a life-threatening escalation from type 2 T-helper immune response (humoral immunity) to type 3 hypersensitivity (immune complex disease) takes place.

TL;DR: As the disease progression, the declined lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients might lead to compensatory activation of CD8+ T and NK cells.

TL;DR: The role of the IL-2 - IL- 2R pathway is explored, the conflicting results on the function of sIL-2R are summarized, and the added value of measuring sISR in different types of diseases is being elaborated upon in terms of diagnosis, follow-up, and prognosis.

TL;DR: A severe case of COVID-19 infection is described in a G6PD-deficient patient treated with hydroxychloroquine who benefited from intravenous NAC beyond reversal of hemolysis and may involve the blockade of viral infection and the ensuing cytokine storm that warrant follow-up confirmatory studies in the setting controlled clinical trials.

TL;DR: In conclusion, anti-complement therapy may be beneficial in at least some patients with critical COVID-19, and one patient with severe heart failure and AKI had a complete remission.

TL;DR: This review compares and contrast the use of intravenous immunoglobulin and hyperimmune globulin in the treatment of COVID-19 infection.

TL;DR: The goal of this review is to summarize the available evidence on the epidemiology, clinical implications, pathological mechanisms proposed, and screening and management recommendations for the comorbidities related with PsA.

TL;DR: The supports of immune effectors and modulation of immunosuppressive mechanisms is the rationale immunomodulation approach in COVID-19 management and individuals at high-risk for specific nutrient deficiencies likely benefit from supplementation.

TL;DR: It is suggested that patients with mild disease present Class I HLA molecules with a higher theoretical capacity for binding SARS-Cov-2 peptides and showed greater heterozygosity when comparing them with moderate and severe groups.

TL;DR: Age-related host factors that may protect children from COVID-19 and complications associated are reviewed, and the confusion around seropositivity and immunity is addressed.

TL;DR: Inhibition of elevated cytokines signal through Janus kinase (JAK)1/JAK2 has the potential to mitigate the COVID-19–associated cytokine storm and reduce mortality.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the long-term use of glucocorticoids might cause atypical infections, a long incubation period, and extra transmission of COVID-19.

TL;DR: Since severe complications in adults are frequently caused by uncontrolled immune responses and a resulting “cytokine storm” that may be controlled by targeted blockade of cytokines, previously established treatment with immunosuppressive treatments may indeed protect children from complications.

TL;DR: Evidence regarding the role of autoimmunity in these four syndromes with respect to immunogenetics, autoimmune co-morbidities, alteration in immune cell subsets, production of autoantibodies and presentation in animal models is summarized.

TL;DR: From analysis of 203 samples, CRP, IL-6,IL-10 and LDH were most strongly correlated with the WHO ordinal scale of illness severity, the fraction of inspired oxygen delivery, radiological evidence of ARDS and level of respiratory support.

TL;DR: Two randomised controlled trials of adalimumab in JIA-associated uveitis provide convincing evidence for the use of this biologic in patients who fail to respond adequately to methotrexate.