Showing papers in "Cognition in 2016"

TL;DR: These findings suggest that while classic elements of human social psychology govern human-robot social interaction, robust UV effects pose a formidable android-specific problem.

TL;DR: The first report of the visual frequency of faces and hands in the everyday scenes available to infants is provided and the orderliness of the shift from faces to hands suggests a principled transition in the contents of visual experiences.

TL;DR: The diffusion-model analyses suggest that DLC bilinguals' benefits in switch costs are more likely driven by task-set reconfiguration than by proactive interference, which underscores the modulating role of the interactional context of conversational exchanges in task switching.

TL;DR: In this article, two sets of features were manipulated to reduce realism consistency, which caused humans and animals, but not objects, to appear eerier and colder in the uncanny valley effect, while the most ambiguous representations eliciting the greatest category uncertainty were neither the eeriest nor the coldest.

TL;DR: Measuring confidence across different sessions of four different perceptual tasks shows that confidence distributions are virtually identical when measured in different days for the same subject and the same task, constituting a subjective fingerprint.

TL;DR: It is concluded that children's considerations of lexical alternatives during SI-computation include an important role for conversational relevance, which unifies previously unconnected findings about children's early pragmatic development.

TL;DR: Balancing moral and social group concerns enabled individuals to rectify inequalities and ensure fair access to important resources regardless of racial group membership.

TL;DR: It is shown that the presence of a spatial boundary at encoding (a doorway between two rooms) impairs participants’ later ability to remember the order that objects were presented in, and constraints on the nature of the interaction between working memory and long-term memory are provided.

TL;DR: ToM training procedures can effectively enhance ToM in children and Moderator analyses revealed that although ToM training programs were generally effective, ToM skill-related outcomes increased with length of training sessions and were significantly higher in active control studies.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that similar EC advantages as previously reported for 'true' bilingual speakers can be found in bilectal children, which suggests that minimal typological distance between the varieties spoken by a child suffices to give rise to advantages in EC.

TL;DR: Data show that cognitive advantages associated with musical ability are not limited to auditory processes, but are limited to specific aspects of EF, which supports a process-specific (but modality-general) relationship between musical ability and non-musical aspects of cognition.

TL;DR: It is concluded that intuitive processes are activated automatically on the CRT and must be inhibited in order to respond correctly, and when participants responded intuitively, there was no evidence that deliberative reasoning had become engaged.

TL;DR: The mathematical framework of rate-distortion theory is described as the optimal solution to the problem of minimizing the costs of perceptual error subject to strong constraints on the ability to communicate or transmit information.

TL;DR: Results point to a mediating role for interpersonal synchronization in cognitive empathy in individuals with and without autism spectrum disorder, a mechanism that seems attenuated, yet not absent, in ASD.

TL;DR: Two studies are presented which examined the temporal dynamics of the social-attentive behaviors that co-occur with referent identification during natural parent-child interactions in the home, enhancing an expanding literature on how dyadic attentional factors can influence early vocabulary growth.

TL;DR: "grounded action cognition" is proposed as a comprehensive metatheoretical framework which defines different hypothetical possibilities of the relations between these domains, offers systematic insights into current models and theories and last but not least may help to increase comparability of empirical research in the domain of action and action cognition.

TL;DR: In this paper, relevance was manipulated in the evaluation of the probability and acceptability of indicative conditionals and found that relevance moderates the effect of P(C|A) on the default and penalty hypothesis.

TL;DR: This work showed that the degree of temporal asynchrony necessary to prevent the induction of the rubber hand illusion depends upon the individuals' sensitivity to perceiving as synchrony during visuo-tactile stimulation, and suggested that current neurocognitive models of body ownership can be enriched with a temporal dimension.

TL;DR: There are two routes available to adults for level-1 perspective-taking: one which is triggered relatively automatically and the other requiring cognitive control, which tested whether both these routes were available for adults' level-2 perspective- taking.

TL;DR: Despite fundamental visual and linguistic differences in the orthographies, statistical models of reading behaviour were strikingly similar in a number of respects, and it is argued that their composition might reflect universality of representation and process in reading.

TL;DR: It is shown that humans exhibit this transfer, generalization and clustering during learning, which further the understanding of how humans learn and generalize flexibly by building abstract, behaviorally relevant representations of the complex, high-dimensional sensory environment.

TL;DR: Results show that foreign language reduces the relative weight placed on intentions versus outcomes in moral evaluations, and several theoretical accounts are discussed that are consistent with the results such as that foreignlanguage attenuates emotions or it depletes cognitive resources.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that solving single-digit addition and subtraction, but not multiplication, is associated with horizontal shifts of attention, and support the idea that mental movements to the left or right of a sequential representation of numbers are elicited during single- digit arithmetic.

TL;DR: A cognitive model that combines Bayesian inference with approximate knowledge of Newtonian physics by estimating probabilities from noisy physical simulations is proposed and it is found that this model accurately predicts judgments from the authors' experiments, suggesting that the same simulation mechanism underlies both peoples' predictions and inferences about the physical world around them.

TL;DR: It is shown that both the lexicons of human languages and individual speakers encode the relationship between linguistic and conceptual complexity, and this points to a general regularity in the design of lexicons and suggests that pragmatic pressures may influence the structure of the lexicon.

TL;DR: This work suggests that speech segmentation and grammatical generalisation are dependent on similar statistical processing mechanisms, and explored a classic artificial language learning paradigm, where the language structure is defined in terms of non-adjacent dependencies.

TL;DR: 6-month-old infants have a remarkable flexibility in identifying which signals in the ambient environment are communicative and in linking these signals to core cognitive capacities including categorization.

TL;DR: In joint action tasks, co-actors have a choice between different coordination mechanisms and rely on a general heuristic strategy or a communicative strategy based on shared perceptual information.

TL;DR: Toddlers used agreeing verbs to predict number features of an upcoming noun in informative trials, and 2.5-year-olds were faster and more likely to shift their gaze from distractor to target upon hearing an informative agreeing verb.

TL;DR: This work demonstrates that internal PDFs are built during visual search and shows how they can be assessed with repetition and role-reversal effects, and indicates that observers learn properties of distractor distributions over and above mean and variance.