Showing papers in "Contemporary Clinical Trials in 2008"

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors systematically reviewed published studies of the association of pharmaceutical industry funding and clinical trial results, as well as a few closely related studies, and concluded that pharmaceutical company sponsorship is strongly associated with results that favor the sponsors' interests.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that a small modification to anesthetic management, one that can be implemented with little risk or cost, will reduce the risk of cancer recurrence - a complication that is often ultimately lethal is confirmed.

TL;DR: The recruitment experiences of projects that actively recruited minority and underserved populations as part of The Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities (CPHHD) initiative demonstrate the importance of flexible study designs which allow adaptation to recruitment challenges.

TL;DR: This is the first study to document patterns of self-monitoring among participants in a weight-loss program, which demonstrated that individuals may falsify the times and frequency ofSelf- monitoring, and showed that adherence to self- monitoring and the timeliness of recording significantly correlate with improved weight loss.

TL;DR: The results of this research are not unequivocal, and may not be equivalent to non-deceptive conditions, this line of inquiry suggests that if a reliable and consistent placebo response exists it could be detected within this population.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the rationale and design of a randomised controlled trial testing the efficacy of motivational interviewing and cognitive behaviour therapy in the treatment of overweight and obese adolescents, where participants took part in a motivational interview or a standard semi-structured assessment interview and were then randomly allocated to a cognitive behavioural intervention or a wait-list control condition.

TL;DR: The reporting quality of RCTs published in the five leading Chinese medical journals is low and Chinese journals should adopt the Consolidated Standards for Reporting of Trials (CONSORT) to improve the reportingquality of Chinese randomized controlled trials.

TL;DR: It is suggested that health-related factors, and not psychosocial perceptions, have predominant influence on research participation among African Americans.

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that the 17-week motivational and life skills intervention will lead to greater increases in moderate-to-vigorous PA at post-intervention as compared to the general health education program.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated a telephone-delivered intervention for physical activity and dietary change targeting patients with chronic conditions (type 2 diabetes or hypertension) recruited from primary care practices in a socially disadvantaged community in Queensland, Australia.

TL;DR: The Stanford GEMS trial is testing the benefits of culturally-tailored after-school dance and screen-time reduction interventions for obesity prevention in low-income, pre-adolescent African-American girls.

TL;DR: Although Quartet enabled significant recruitment issues to surface, the bureaucratic tasks involved in securing governance approval delayed onset of collaborations, reducing the time to address issues and evaluate Quartet's impact.

TL;DR: This article presents the recruitment and retention challenges experienced in two clinical trials: one involving participants experiencing a first episode of depression and one involving Participants experiencing a second episode of psychosis.

TL;DR: If this model of patient-centered care that leverages Web communications, self-monitoring, and collaborative care management improves hypertension control proves successful and cost-effective, similar interventions could be used to improve the care of large numbers of patients with uncontrolled hypertension.

TL;DR: If successful, a Parent-Only intervention program may provide a cost-effective and practical intervention for families in underserved rural communities.

TL;DR: The results from the PAAC intervention may provide schools with an alternative method to increase PA levels in children and reduce childhood obesity.

TL;DR: PDA technology shows promise as a tool for assisting those with type 2 diabetes in their efforts to manage their disease as well as issues encountered in teaching participants to self-monitor using a PDA.

TL;DR: The primary aim of the LA Health project is to test the efficacy of two school-based approaches for obesity prevention: primary prevention alone and a combination of primary and secondary prevention which will be compared to a no-intervention control group using a cluster randomization research design.

TL;DR: The goal of this paper is to provide a tutorial for statisticians who use Bayesian methods for the first time or investigators who have some statistical background to conduct a Bayesian approach for phase II single-arm clinical trials with binary outcomes.

TL;DR: Choice and preference for the Group format each enhanced psychosocial and physical functioning up to one year and despite the preference for Group format, over the longer term cardiac symptoms were fewer when assigned the Self-Directed format.

TL;DR: It is found that physician referrals and flyers were the most effective recruitment method in a large, single-center, randomized placebo-controlled trial studying the impact of the patient-doctor relationship and acupuncture on irritable bowel syndrome patients.

TL;DR: In this article, statistical details for estimating an in vitro 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ), based on several models for continuous response data fit to bone-marrow endothelial cell lines replicated in vehicle and at several dose increments.

TL;DR: An optimal and a minimax design for three-stage cancer phase II trials which allows early stopping under both hypotheses is proposed and is optimal in the sense that the average sample number (ASN) is minimized under P=P(0).

TL;DR: The run-in period reduces the number of drop-outs after randomization and improves statistical power and in order to retain external validity, it is important to compare participants who remain in the study and those that cancel, and incorporate that in generalizing from the study.

TL;DR: All participants with fragility or traumatic fractures who consent will be followed for 20 years using data from the Québec Ministry of Health database to measure the association between the index fracture and future fracture risk.

TL;DR: A quasi-experimental three-phase sequential cohort design used in the Study of Patient-Nurse Effectiveness with Assisted Communication Strategies (SPEACS) to test two interventions to improve nurse-patient communication in the intensive care unit (ICU).

TL;DR: Results demonstrate that implementing an HIV preventive program in a busy, public clinic is feasible and well-accepted by patients and demonstrate that HIV-related motivation and behavioral skills would be related to current sexual risk behavior.

TL;DR: Project COPES uses a patient preference depression treatment that has previously been found acceptable to medical patients, and a 3-month pre-randomization observation period to insure depression status, to investigate the acceptability of depression treatment, reduction in depressive symptoms, and the effects of treatment on two key pathways--medication adherence and inflammation.

TL;DR: The content analysis revealed that clinical trial search tools were easy to identify using a popular search engine, but their functionality and content varied greatly, suggesting that online search tools may not adequately facilitate the clinical trial recruitment process.

TL;DR: A system of classifying the sedative and analgesic effects of non-study medications was created that divides drugs into categories based on the strength of their effects and assigns a rating to express overall sedative, analgesic, and sedative effects.