Showing papers in "Cytogenetic and Genome Research in 1991"
169 citations
TL;DR: Recovery of equal numbers of recombinant and nonrecombinant offspring from XY* males supports the hypothesis that recombination between the mammalian X and Y chromosomes is necessary for primary spermatocytes to successfully complete sperMatogenesis and form functional sperm.
Abstract: Cytological analysis of the mouse Y* chromosome revealed a complex rearrangement involving acquisition of a functional centromere and centromeric heterochromatin and attachment of this chromosomal segment to the distal end of a normal Y* chromosome. This rearrangement positioned the Y* short-arm region at the distal end of the Y* chromosome and the pseudoautosomal region interstitially, just distal to the newly acquired centromere. In addition, the majority of the pseudoautosomal region was inverted. Recombination between the X and the Y* chromosomes generates two new sex chromosomes: (1) a large chromosome comprised of the X chromosome attached at its distal end to all of the Y* chromosome but missing the centromeric region (XY*) and (2) a small chromosome containing the centromeric portion of the Y* chromosome attached to G-band-negative material from the X chromosome (YX). Mice that inherit the XY* chromosome develop as sterile males, whereas mice that inherit the Y*X chromosome develop as fertile females. Recovery of equal numbers of recombinant and nonrecombinant offspring from XY* males supports the hypothesis that recombination between the mammalian X and Y chromosomes is necessary for primary spermatocytes to successfully complete spermatogenesis and form functional sperm.
126 citations
108 citations
TL;DR: Within bovid chromosomes, homology of banding patterns corresponds to a homologous genetic structure and it is proposed that gene assignments on identified chromosomal segments in one species of the Bovidae can be extrapolated to other bovids species based on the banding homologies presented here.
Abstract: By using three gene probes, one derived from the porcine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and two from bovine cytokeratin genes, type I (KRTA) and type II (KRTB), the hypothesis of conservation of genome structure in two members of the family Bovidae was examined. Gene mapping data revealed the MHC to be in chromosome region 23q15→q23 in cattle (BOLA) and 20q15→q23 in sheep (OLA). KRTA was localized to chromosome region 19q25→q29 in cattle and 11q25→q29 in sheep and KRTB to 5q14→q22 in cattle and 3q14→q22 in sheep. The banding patterns of the chromosome arms to which the loci were assigned were identical in both species. Moreover, the resemblances of GTG- or QFQ-banding patterns between the cattle and sheep karyotypes illustrated further chromosome homologies. These studies, based on gene mapping comparisons and comparative cytogenetics, document that within bovid chromosomes, homology of banding patterns corresponds to a homologous genetic structure. Hence, we propose that gene assignments on identified chromosomal segments in one species of the Bovidae can be extrapolated, in general, to other bovid species based on the banding homologies presented here.
104 citations
TL;DR: The human gene for tryptophan hydroxylase has been previously assigned to chromosome 11 by analysis of a panel of somatic cell hybrids and the refinement of this localization by in situ hybridization is reported.
Abstract: The human gene for tryptophan hydroxylase has panel of somatic cell hybrids. We report here on the refinement been previously assigned to chromosome 11 by analysis of a of this localization by in situ hybridization.
103 citations
TL;DR: The karyotypes of the three main domestic Bovidae species, Bos taurus, Ovis aries, and Capra hircus, have been investigated by RBG-banding as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The karyotypes of the three main domestic Bovidae species, Bos taurus, Ovis aries, and Capra hircus, have been investigated by RBG-banding. Primary fibroblast cel
102 citations
TL;DR: Clear localization with oligonucleotides from alphoid (centromeric sequences), simple sequence (satellite) DNAs, a variety of Alu-dispersed repeated sequences, and oligon nucleotides derived from the Tetrahymena and Trypanosoma telomere-specific sequences is obtained.
Abstract: Oligonucleotides were annealed to complementary sequences in fixed human metaphase chromosomes and extended with DNA polymerase. The newly synthesized fragments were labeled by incorporating bio-11-dU
100 citations
76 citations
TL;DR: The results did not confirm the recently reported trisomy 7 and loss of sex chromosomes observed in metaphases obtained from normal brain tissue after short-term cultures, but cells of all six brains displayed somatic pairing of the chromosome 17 centromeres in approximately 50% of the nuclei.
Abstract: Nuclei isolated from normal human brain tissue, collected from six autopsies, were hybridized with a panel of nine satellite DNA probes specific for the centromeric regions of chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 10, 11, 17, 18, and the X and Y chromosomes. The results did not confirm the recently reported trisomy 7 and loss of sex chromosomes observed in metaphases obtained from normal brain tissue after short-term cultures; however, cells of all six brains displayed somatic pairing of the chromosome 17 centromeres in approximately 50% of the nuclei.
76 citations
66 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that this alphoid repetitive DNA probe is useful for cytogenetic studies and is a powerful tool for precise classification of chromosomal aberrations and can also contribute significantly to the clinical evaluation of patients with hematological disorders.
Abstract: An alphoid repetitive DNA (D8Z2) probe specific for the pericentromeric region of chromosome 8 was used to detect extra copies of chromosome 8 in bone marrow cells obtained from 10 patients with hematological disorders and five controls. Numerical aberrations of chromosome 8 were established by conventional banding techniques. Trisomy 8 was found in four patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and three with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Three additional patients with MDS exhibited an extra chromosome 8 in only one metaphase. In five of the seven trisomy cases, the presence of the trisomy 8 clone was confirmed by in situ hybridization (ISH). In one case of AML with trisomy 8, detected by GTG-banding, no significant numbers of cells containing three spots were found using the alphoid repetitive probe; however, hybridization with a chromosome 8-specific library revealed that the alleged extra chromosome 8 was a translocation chromosome containing only the long arm of chromosome 8. Due to a lack of material, it was not possible to achieve optimal ISH results on the trisomy 8 bone marrow cells of patient 7. In the three MDS patients with a single trisomy 8 metaphase, a slight, albeit significant, increase of trisomy 8 interphase cells was found with ISH. We conclude that this probe is useful for cytogenetic studies. Moreover, ISH, in general, is a powerful tool for precise classification of chromosomal aberrations and can also contribute significantly to the clinical evaluation of patients with hematological disorders.
TL;DR: Mitotic chromosomes of four fish species of the family Anostomidae, belonging to the genera Leporinus, Leporellus, and Schizodon, were studied, and this family appears to be characterized by marked karyotypic stability.
Abstract: Mitotic chromosomes of four fish species of the family Anostomidae, belonging to the genera Leporinus, Leporellus, and Schizodon, were studied. With 2n = 54 meta-
TL;DR: The MYC gene was mapped to R-banded human prometaphase chromosomes and to chromosomes expressing fra(8)(q 24.11) by fluorescence in situ hybridization by high-resolution banding analysis, and the precise localization of MYC was to the subband 8q24.13 of the long arm of chromosome 8.
Abstract: The MYC gene was mapped to R-banded human prometaphase chromosomes and to chromosomes expressing fra(8)(q24.11) by fluorescence in situ hybridization. By high-resolution banding analysis, the fluorescent signals were localized to R-positive band q24.12→q24.13 of the long arm of chromosome 8. Furthermore, the signals were localized near the middle part, q24.12→q24.13, of the distal portion of fra(8)(q24.11) expression. Thus, the precise localization of MYC was to the subband 8q24.12→q24.13.
TL;DR: Results suggest that the gene for PBGD is localized within the region 11q24.2.1----q 24.2----qter.
Abstract: In situ hybridization and gene dosage-effect studies were conducted to determine the detailed chromosomal location of the gene encoding human porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD). Red cell PBGD activity was normal in one patient with monosomy for 11q24.2----qter but was increased 1.5 times in another patient with trisomy for 11q22.2----qter. The cDNA probe for PBGD was found to be specifically hybridized to band 11q24. These results suggest that the gene for PBGD is localized within the region 11q24.1----q24.2.
TL;DR: The genes which encode the human type II epidermal keratins K5, K6a, and K6b and the simple epithelial keratin K7 are localized to chromosome 12 using Southern blot analysis of somatic cell hybrids.
Abstract: We have localized the genes which encode the human type II epidermal keratins K5, K6a, and K6b and the simple epithelial keratin K7 (KRT5, KRT6A, KRT6B, and KRT7, respectively) to chromosome 12 using
TL;DR: Comparisons with other A. seniculus subspecies reported in the literature indicate that this taxon is not karyologically uniform and that substantial chromosome shuffling has occurred between populations that have been considered to be subspecies by taxonomic criteria based on their morphometric attributes.
Abstract: In the red howler monkey, Alouatta seniculus stramineus (2n = 47, 48, or 49), variations in diploid chromosome number are due to different numbers of microchromo-somes. Males exhibi
TL;DR: A panel of 18 rat x mouse somatic cell hybrid clones segregating individual rat chromosomes in different combinations was used to assign 23 biochemical loci to rat chromosomes, extending the known syntenic homologies among rats, mice, and humans.
Abstract: A panel of 18 rat × mouse somatic cell hybrid clones segregating individual rat chromosomes in different combinations was used to assign 23 biochemical loci to rat chromosomes. The chromosomal locatio
TL;DR: This approach may be used to perform painting of any chromosome regions for which microlibraries can be established and possible applications include the definition of marker chromosomes in clinical and tumor cytogenetics and studies of chromosomal evolution, as well as studies of nuclear chromosome topography in animal and plant species.
Abstract: “Painting” of defined chromosomal regions provides a powerful tool for cytogenetic analyses. Here, we demonstrate that chromosomal in situ suppression (CΙSS)-hybridization of DN A libraries derived by
TL;DR: Results clearly indicate that chromosome elimination takes place during early cleavage in the four hagfish species of Myxinida living in Japanese waters, except in the ancestral germline cells.
Abstract: Cytogenetic examination of four Japanese hagfish species belonging to the order Myxinida (Eptatretus okinoseanus, E. burgeri, Paramyxine atami, and Myxine garmani) revealed differences in chromosome number between germ cells (spermatocytes and spermatogonia) and somatic cells (liver, blood, gill, and kidney). The differences in chromosome number between spermatogonia (54, 52, 48, and 16) and somatic cells (34, 36, 34, and 14) were 20, 16, 14, and 2 in E. okinoseanus, E. burgeri, P. atami, and M. garmani, respectively. The amount of DNA in a somatic cell (2C) relative to that in a germ cell (2C) averaged 54.6% (E. okinoseanus type A), 44.9% (E. okinoseanus type B), 79.1 % (E. burgeri), 60.0% (P. atami), and 70.2 % (M. garmani). These results clearly indicate that chromosome elimination takes place during early cleavage in the four hagfish species of Myxinida living in Japanese waters, except in the ancestral germline cells. C-banding of metaphase chromosome preparations of germline and somatic cells from each hagfish species revealed that the C-band-positive chromatin in the ancestral somatic cells had been almost completely eliminated. Three patterns of elimination of this chromatin are discussed.
TL;DR: TNFR1 and TNFR2, the genes encoding the two forms of the human tumor necrosis factor receptor, were localized to normal human chromosomes by in situ hybridization and Southern blot analysis of a series of human x mouse hybrid cell lines.
Abstract: TNFR1 and TNFR2, the genes encoding the two forms of the human tumor necrosis factor receptor, were localized to normal human chromosomes by in situ hybridization and Southern blot analysis of a series of human x mouse hybrid cell lines. TNFR1 maps to 12p13 and TNFR2 maps to 1p36.
TL;DR: The conservation of a homologous sequence over millions of years and its repetition exclusively on the Bovidae Y chromosome raise interesting questions concerning the origin, evolution, and possible function of this unusual element.
Abstract: We have cloned a 307-bp Sau3AI fragment of DNA from the bovine male genome by deletion enrichment. Although a single-copy homolog is present in the female cattle genome, the sequence (BRY.1) is repeated at a moderate and variable frequency only in males. This pattern occurs too in sheep and goats, but BRY.1 is found in equal amounts in both sexes of fallow deer and pigs, approximating single copy. The conservation of a homologous sequence over millions of years and its repetition exclusively on the Bovidae Y chromosome raise interesting questions concerning the origin, evolution, and possible function of this unusual element.
TL;DR: The data suggest that chromosome replication and condensation are closely connected in time, the metaphase bands represent independent units of chromatin condensation, and the condensation process is an important feature of chromosome organization.
Abstract: As chromosomes condense during early mitosis, their subbands fuse in a highly coordinated fashion. Subband fusion occurs when two large subbands flanking one minor subband come together to form one ba
TL;DR: The human loci for phosphate-activated glutaminase (GLS) and IL9 have previously been mapped to chromosomes 2 and 5, respectively, by analysis of somatic cell hybrid DNAs by using chromosomal in situ hybridization.
Abstract: Phosphate-activated glutaminase is found in mammalian small intestine, brain, and kidney, but not in liver. The enzyme initiates the catabolism of glutamine as the principal respiratory fuel in the small intestine, may synthesize the neurotransmitter glutamate in the brain, and functions in the kidney to help maintain systemic pH homeostasis. Interleukin-9 (IL9) is a relatively new cytokine that supports the growth of helper T-cell clones, mast cells, and megakaryoblastic leukemia cells. cDNA clones have recently been obtained for each of these genes. The human loci for phosphate-activated glutaminase (GLS) and IL9 have previously been mapped to chromosomes 2 and 5, respectively, by analysis of somatic cell hybrid DNAs. By using chromosomal in situ hybridization, we have regionally mapped GLS to 2q32 --> q34 and IL9 to 5q31 --> q35.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the heterochromatic blocks are not involved in the lack of synapsis and that asynapsis is a cytological feature common to all species of the family Microtidae.
Abstract: Conventional and microspread preparations of Microtus cabrerae spermatocytes were made to investigate the chromosomes of this species. Three different types of Y chromosomes, varying in size of the heterochromatic block, were observed; they were alike, however, in regard to synapsis, which was consistently absent. Our results suggest that the heterochromatic blocks are not involved in the lack of synapsis and that asynapsis is a cytological feature common to all species of the family Microtidae. In addition, the co-aligned configuration of the ends of the sex-chromosome axes of this species and the lack of silver-stainable threads or filaments connecting them suggest the existence of two mechanisms for association of the sex chromosomes during prophase I and metaphase I: attachment of the ends of both sex chromosome axes to the nuclear envelope and heterochromatin "stickiness."
TL;DR: The enzyme transfers fucose onto H type 2 more efficiently than onto sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine, suggesting that it is the myeloid type of alpha-3-fucosyltransferase (Mollicone et al., 1990), which makes the 3- fucosyllactosamines epitope on polymorphonuclear cells and monocytes.
Abstract: Seventy-one human x mouse hybrid cell lines were used to map the locus of a human alpha-3-fucosyltransferase to 11q The enzyme transfers fucose onto H type 2 more efficiently than onto sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine, suggesting that it is the myeloid type of alpha-3-fucosyltransferase (Mollicone et al, 1990), which makes the 3-fucosyllactosamine epitope on polymorphonuclear cells and monocytes This epitope is also known as CD15 (Tetteroo et al, 1987)
TL;DR: It is suggested that sex-chromosome association is a characteristic that probably followed different evolutionary paths in different mammals, leading to loss of the homologous segment in some species and its conservation in others.
Abstract: The meiotic behavior of the sex chromosomes of Pitymys duodecimcostatus was studied by electron microscopy of whole-mount synaptonemal complex preparations. The results established
TL;DR: Northern blot hybridization showed that SP-40,40 is expressed in glioblastoma and testicular tumor cells, as well as hepatoma cells, and this gene has been given the designation CLI, for complement lysis inhibitor, by the Human Gene Nomenclature Committee.
Abstract: SP-40,40 is a serum glycoprotein consisting of two different subunits (α and β) assembled into a dimer by disulfide bonds. Northern blot hybridization, using total RNA from several cell lines, showed
TL;DR: The gene for human dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) has been localized to the long arm of chromosome 7, within bands q31→q32, by gel-blot hybridization analysis with DNA from a panel of somatic ce.
Abstract: The gene for human dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) has been localized to the long arm of chromosome 7, within bands q31→q32, by gel-blot hybridization analysis with DNA from a panel of somatic ce