Showing papers in "Immunology Today in 1999"

TL;DR: It is suggested that migrating DCs carry an additional ‘signal 3', contributing to the initial commitment of naive Th cells into Th1 or Th2 subsets.

TL;DR: Alberto Mantovani argues that robustness of chemokines provides a conceptual framework to understand these intriguing aspects of the chemokine system.

TL;DR: Evidence that cells that synthesize IDO protect the mammalian fetus from maternal T- cell attack is discussed and it is argued that this mechanism might have wider implications for the control of T-cell responses.

TL;DR: It is argued that a multidisciplinary approach might reveal the molecular events underlying the role of CD26 in HIV infection and immune, inflammatory and endocrine responses.

TL;DR: Gavin Sacks and colleagues draw attention to substantial and contrasting changes in the maternal innate system and hypothesize that its function and that of monocytes in particular, has a central role in the mothers-fetal relationship.

TL;DR: Bronchial biopsies from extrinsic asthma patients show enhanced expression of Th2-type cytokines, CC chemokines and Iϵ/Cϵ compared with controls, suggesting there might be local IgE production directed against unknown antigens in this important clinically distinct variant of the disease.

TL;DR: The traditional arguments favoring direct recognition are considered and recent findings suggesting the importance of indirect responses are highlighted, thereby questioning some of the basic concepts of transplantation immunology.

TL;DR: Brandtzaeg et al. as mentioned in this paper discuss compartmentalized regulation of mucosal B cells and mechanisms that might explain the strikingly regionalized effector disparity of the human mucosal immune system.

TL;DR: Becky Adkins discusses this issue in the light of recent data indicating that T cells in neonates are developmentally mature in their capacity to mount protective Th1-type and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses.

TL;DR: The role that interleukin 10 cells play in the regulation of immune responses to enteric antigens is discussed and a deficiency in these cells might be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.

TL;DR: This mechanism cannot explain the preferential homing of B cells with a high level of J-chain expression to mucosal effector sites outside the gut.

TL;DR: Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin and cholera toxin are potent mucosal immunogens and adjuvants in animal models and promising candidates for development of human vaccines and immunotherapy.

TL;DR: The possibility that T cells directly activate resting keratinocyte stem cells, through as yet undefined soluble mediators, is discussed.

TL;DR: Recent results suggest that these membrane specializations mediate not only signal transduction via GPI-proteins and glycolipids but also play important roles in initiation of signalling via immunoreceptors.

TL;DR: The relationship between acquired specific resistance and delayed-type hypersensitivity in immunity to tuberculosis has long been a topic of debate but here it is proposed that the events are separate mechanisms; protection is cytokine driven and initially controls the infection, whereas DTH functions to wall off the infection and prevent further dissemination.

TL;DR: Resistance to apoptosis through the Fas receptor pathway coupled with expression of the Fas ligand might enable many cancers to deliver a pre-emptive strike or counterattack against the immune system.

TL;DR: The kinetics and molecular events of bacteria-induced dendritic cell maturation are described, highlighting the importance of knowing the carrier and removal status of canine coronavirus in the preparation of immune responses.

TL;DR: The role of cell–cell contact in peptidase regulation and the influence of peptidases on cellular functions are discussed and aminopeptidase N/CD13 as an example is used.

TL;DR: Helminth infections impair the host's immune response to HIV and tuberculosis (TB) and might contribute to the spread of these diseases.

TL;DR: The mechanisms by which cholera toxin and its close relative, Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin modulate leukocyte populations are reviewed to explain the paradox.

TL;DR: The implications of complement resistance for the immunotherapeutic treatment of solid tumors with monoclonal antibodies are discussed.

TL;DR: The evidence that DCs can subvert allogeneic T-cell responses and might be exploited therapeutically to prolong graft survival is considered.

TL;DR: In this article, Dorte Hamann et al. proposed a model for antigen-induced differentiation of human CD8 + T cells in vivo and discuss its implications for the lineage relation between memory and effector T cells.

TL;DR: CD45 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase that functions to regulate Src-family kinases, but in some instances CD 45 is a positive regulator of kinase activity whereas in others, it is a negative regulator.

TL;DR: It is proposed that B7 and MHC genes are derived from a common ancestor, with several members of this large gene family possibly having pivotal influences on T-cell activation.

TL;DR: Phosphorylcholine exhibits a surprising range of immunomodulatory properties that might be to the detriment of the host.

TL;DR: Current knowledge of B-1 and B-2 cells is reviewed, and it is proposed that CD5 has different functions when expressed by different B-cell subpopulations.

TL;DR: Functional analyses revealing that this novel complement regulatory protein forms a molecular link between immune defense and cell adhesion is described.

TL;DR: The immune system of tumor-bearing patients and experimental animals is adversely affected by the tumor, even early in the course of disease, and this phenomenon has implications for cancer immunotherapy.

TL;DR: Probiotics are living microorganisms that promote the health of the host by improving the microflora by identifying their cellular and molecular mechanisms of action.