Showing papers in "International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents in 2013"

TL;DR: Genomic and genetic studies have elucidated the role of mobile genetic elements in the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes and substantiate the rate of genetic alterations associated with acquisition in A. baumannii of various resistance genes, including OXA- and metallo-β-lactamase-type carbapenemase genes.

TL;DR: It is revealed that: (i) antibiotic prescribing is a complex process influenced by factors affecting all the actors involved, including physicians, other healthcare providers, healthcare system, patients and the general public; and (ii) such factors are mutually dependent.

TL;DR: Recent pre-clinical data support a species-specific role for Panton-Valentine leukocidin in the development of acute severe S. aureus infections and elucidated other virulence mechanisms, including novel modes of internalisation, varying post-invasion strategies (featuring both upregulation and downregulation of virulence factors) and phenotypic switching.

TL;DR: Dramatic colonisation of the human gut microbiota by the Verrucomicrobia phylum following a broad-spectrum antibiotic regimen occurred without significant gastrointestinal manifestations, suggesting that influenced by external factors such as antibiotics, the gut repertoire remains partially unknown.

TL;DR: Tigecycline should be cautiously used in the clinic, and efflux-mediated resistance should be closely monitored in order to prolong the lifespan of this useful antibiotic.

TL;DR: Banning two antibiotics resulted in an immediate and profound reduction in hospital-acquired C. difficile and MRSA rates, with possible longer-term effects on MRSA and ESBL-producing coliform rates.

TL;DR: Nowadays, IVT and ITH colistin represents the last resort treatment of MDR and XDR A. baumannii ventriculitis/meningitis, offering a unique, rather safe and successful mode of therapy.

TL;DR: This review examines the factors that lead to both drug selection and the spread of resistance and strategies for controlling the spread, pointing out the complexities and deficiencies in predicting how resistance will spread.

TL;DR: These three enterobacterial isolates recovered from three patients transferred from India to France in 2011 expressed a novel carbapenem-hydrolysing β-lactamase, OXA-232, differing from OxA-181 and OXa-48 by one and five amino acid substitutions, respectively.

TL;DR: Colistin is a cyclic decapeptide bound to a fatty acid chain that is active against many Gram-negative bacteria by destabilising the bacterial outer membrane.

TL;DR: A holistic view of AMR as well as intersectoral collaboration between human and veterinary medicine is required to best address the problem, with a multifaceted approach most likely to be successful.

TL;DR: This review evaluates the potential of microbial communities in underexplored environmental niches to yield new antibiotics and the harnessing of biomembrane-interactive plant-derived agents as supplements to conventional antibacterial chemotherapy.

TL;DR: In conclusion, carbapenem resistance in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae and E. coli is due to the combined effect of β-lactamases with porin impermeability and/or efflux pump activity observed in these organisms, and in a number of isolates isDue to the production of the carbAPenemase-encoding genes bla(OXA-48) and the newly emerging bla (NDM-1).

TL;DR: Very few clinical data were found on the interactions between probiotics and MRSA, but the few identified clinical cases pointed to the feasibility of elimination or reduction of MRSA colonisation with probiotic use.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the SDD protocol applied in this study was not sufficiently effective for decolonisation and was associated with resistance development.

TL;DR: Results indicate that antimicrobial peptides might constitute a novel therapy against TB.

TL;DR: This study of vancomycin in critically ill patients supports the current recommendation for serum troughs of at least 15 mg/L and, in patients with septic shock, an AUC₂₄/MIC threshold higher than the conventional 400.

TL;DR: No benefit in mortality was observed in patients receiving combination therapy for P. aeruginosa infections and a well-designed multicentre RCT is warranted to address this important issue.

TL;DR: A causal relationship between LNZ concentrations and the risk of developing drug-related haematological toxicity was observed and application of therapeutic drug monitoring may improve the safety outcome of patients receiving LNZ therapy.

TL;DR: Use of molecular epidemiological surveillance tools has provided the first evidence of tet(X)-containing multidrug-resistant Gram-negative hospital isolates in a hospital in Sierra Leone.

TL;DR: The use of high-dose daptomycin, alone or in combination, may be useful for difficult-to-treat Gram-positive infections and further evaluation of these strategies is warranted.

TL;DR: Observations suggest a wide distribution of carbapenem-resistant and bla(OXA-23)-like-producing clone CC92, especially ST92, ST75 and ST138, as the principal reason for the rapidly increasing carbAPenem resistance rate in China.

TL;DR: Results show that the search for new compounds with antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties is mandatory as well as the development of other strategies that could lead to the prevention and treatment of PJIs, and better understanding of the mechanisms involved in antimicrobial resistance of biofilms is necessary.

TL;DR: The results presented in this article strongly support SAL200 as a highly potent bactericidal agent against MRSA with an adequate pharmaceutical formulation.

TL;DR: Staphylococcus aureus from bacteraemia at multiple hospitals in China were genetically characterised to improve understanding of its epidemiology and major genotypes were associated with specific antimicrobial resistance and toxin gene profiles.

TL;DR: In 12 of 13 phase 3 and 4 comparative clinical trials, all-cause mortality was higher in the tigecycline group versus the comparator group in this article.

TL;DR: Preliminary data support an expanding role for β-lactam TDM in select critically ill patients and provide insight into the subpopulations most at risk of suboptimal drug exposure.

TL;DR: This study confirms that CTX-M-producing E. coli and ST131, which have been shown to be an emerging public health threat, are widely prevalent in cancer patients and can adversely affect the outcome of E.coli bacteraemia in these patients.

TL;DR: Neither combination therapy nor monotherapy treatment appears to have a significant effect on mortality rates in patients with P. aeruginosa bacteraemia, and further studies evaluating the effects of combination therapy or monotherapy in more specialised cases, such as when encountering a multidrug-resistant organism, are necessary.