Showing papers in "International Journal of Hydrogen Energy in 2002"

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focused on the materials-related issues in the development of high-efficiency photo-electrochemical cells (PECs), in terms of semiconducting and electrochemical properties and their impact on the performance of PECs.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of the various approaches that have been proposed and investigated and critical limiting factors identified are reviewed and various approaches have been applied and reviewed and the critical limiting factor is the amount of hydrogen produced per mole of substrate.

TL;DR: This article reviewed information from continuous laboratory studies of fermentative hydrogen production useful when considering practical applications of the technology, including the need to manage spore germination and oxygen toxicity on start-up and control sporulation in adverse circumstances during reactor operation.

TL;DR: In this article, a 2nd-law analysis performed on the closed cyclic process indicates a maximum exergy conversion efficiency of 29% (ratio of Δ G 298 K °| H 2 + 0.5 O 2 → H 2 O for the H 2 produced to the solar power input), when using a solar cavity-receiver operated at 2300 K and subjected to a solar flux concentration ratio of 5000.

TL;DR: In this article, a comparison between the different studies of hydrogen adsorption in carbon nanotubes is presented, where the authors consider the possibility of controlling tube diameters and lengths that will enable to optimize nanotube structure for a maximal hydrogen adorption.

TL;DR: A review of the state of the art of alkaline fuel cell (AFC) technology based on publications during the past twenty-four-ve years is provided in this article, where issues surrounding the sensitivity of the AFC to CO2 in the oxidant stream are reviewed and potential solutions discussed.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the capacity of single wall carbon nanotubes as a host material for hydrogen storage and found that the capacity depends linearly on the tube diameter and starts at 1.5 mass% for a 0.671 nm single wall nanotube.

TL;DR: In this paper, the hydrogen generation rate was accelerated by applying metal-metal oxide catalysts such as Pt-TiO2, Pt-CoO and Pt-LiCoO2.

TL;DR: In this paper, the photochemical efficiency of hydrogen production can be calculated theoretically, and is estimated to be 10% (on solar spectrum basis) for the photo-heterotrophic process.

TL;DR: A summary of the hydrogen production metabolism of the photosynthetic purple non-sulfur (PNS) bacteria will be presented, showing that under certain conditions, alternative modes of metabolism are also possible and should be considered in experimental design.

TL;DR: An investigation on anaerobic hydrogen production was conducted in fixed-bed bioreactors containing hydrogen-producing bacteria originated from domestic sewage sludge, found that LS was inefficient for biomass immobilization, while EC and AC exhibited better biomass yields.

TL;DR: In this paper, a 3.0-l upflow reactor was used to investigate individual effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT), chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration in wastewater (14- 36 g COD/l), pH (4.5-6.0), and temperature (20-55°C) on bio-hydrogen production from the wastewater.

TL;DR: The concept of using H2 as a long-term solution to the problems of planetary warming and pollution was triggered by a conversation about calculations due to Lawaczek, who claimed in the 1930s that sending energy in H2 through pipes would be cheaper than sending it through wires as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, a pretreatment method for the production of fermentable substrates from Miscanthus, a lignocellulosic biomass, was investigated and the results demonstrated an inverse relationship between lignin content and the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of polysaccharides.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on hydrogen fermentation of organic waste were investigated, and it was shown that the inhibitory effect of LAB on hydrogen production was caused by bacteriocins excreted from LAB which have a deleterious effect on other bacteria.

TL;DR: Both yeast extract and tryptone were required by T. eli, and appeared to function as sources of carbon, nitrogen and energy, and in the absence of tryPTone converted 26% of the glucose to another by-product, resulting in a lower yield of hydrogen.

TL;DR: Questions have been asked as to whether the hydrogenase is anything more than a relic of the evolutionary past of the chloroplast in green algae, and whether this enzyme and the process of photosynthesis can ever be utilized to generate hydrogen for commercial purposes.

TL;DR: In this paper, a number of technical, environmental and exergetic aspects of hydrogen and hydrogen energy systems (particularly fuel cells) and their applications are discussed from an energy point of view.

TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of pH and temperature on hydrogen bioproduction by Enterobacter aerogenes (NCIMB 10102) utilizing starch hydrolysate as substrate was investigated.

TL;DR: In this paper, a list of genes that confer a truncated Chl antenna size to green algae is compiled for future application in algal hydrogen and biomass production, and biochemical and physiological analyses in terms of photosynthetic productivity and light conversion efficiencies are presented.

TL;DR: Enterobacter aerogenes HU-101, tested for its hydrogen production in batch cultures on various substrates, produced the highest amount of hydrogen when the substrate was glycerol, suggesting a high intracellular redox state, that is a high NADH/NAD ratio, would accelerate hydrogen production by driving membrane-bound NAD(P)H-dependent hydrogenase.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight the significant pursuits and attainments of the research and development (R&D) activities carried out in IIT, Delhi on hydrogen-operated engines.

TL;DR: A survey of progress made in the field of cyanobacterial hydrogen evolution during this time period can be found in this article, where the basic and early applied research over the last 30 years has established the basis of present knowledge and is a platform for future R&D directions.

TL;DR: In this paper, the surface treatment of p-SiC by aqua-regia-HF solution and also on electrocatalytic Pt metal islet deposition was investigated.

TL;DR: In this article, the feasibility of hydrogen gas production by hyper-thermophilic organisms in high-rate bioreactors was investigated and the main problem to deal with is the requirement of a hydrogen gas pressure lower than 20; 000 Pa.

TL;DR: Results indicate that, although isolated for CO-dependent H2 production, R. palustris P4 has a high potential as a fermentative H2 producer.

TL;DR: In this paper, photohydrogen production using effluent from different hydrogen fermentation reactors was carried out using two strains of photosynthetic purple nonsulfur bacteria, and the results indicated that the initial dark hydrogen fermentation stage effluents from the three carbohydrate fed reactors (CSTR, ASBR, UASB), CSTR effluent was the most suitable for photodynamic production.

TL;DR: Biochemical analyses indicate that S. obliquus decreases almost the complete metabolic activities while maintaining a low level of respiratory activity, and although possessing a functional [Fe]-hydrogenase gene, the cells of Scenedesmus ob liquus produce no significant amounts of H 2 under S-depleted conditions.

TL;DR: In this paper, a combined reformation system, which includes both auto-thermal catalytic and non-equilibrium plasma units, is studied experimentally for the practical application of hydrogen production via reforming of liquid gasoline-like fuels.

TL;DR: In this article, crystal structures of an oxidised form of the NiFe hydrogenase of Desulfovibrio fructosovorans are reported, which confirm the presence of long, mainly hydrophobic cavities that most probably provide pathways for H 2 diffusion between the molecular surface and the deeply buried active site.