Showing papers in "International Journal of Hydrogen Energy in 2008"

TL;DR: In the current and medium-term the production options for hydrogen are first based on distributed hydrogen production from electrolysis of water and reforming of natural gas and coal as discussed by the authors, and each of centralized hydrogen production methods scenarios could produce 40 million tons per year of hydrogen.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare various fossil decarbonization strategies and evaluate the potential of nuclear and renewable energy resources to meet the 10-TW target, and propose a scenario for the transition from current fossil-based to hydrogen economy that includes two key elements: (i) changing the fossildecarbonization strategy from one based on CO2 sequestration to one that involves sequestration and/or utilization of solid carbon, and (ii) producing carbon-neutral synthetic fuels from bio-carbon and hydrogen generated from water using carbon-free sources (nuclear, solar, wind, ge

TL;DR: Use of cheaper raw materials and efficient biological hydrogen production processes will surely make them more competitive with the conventional H2 generation processes in near future.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors delineate the prospects and potentials of biohydrogen as a renewable energy resource and present a review of the potential of bio-hydrogen in the future.

TL;DR: In this paper, the state-of-the-art solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) technologies are reviewed and the development of the important steam electrolyzer components, such as the ionic conducting electrolyte and the electrodes, are summarized and discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared four bio-hydrogen production processes (dark-fermentation, photo-fmentation, two-stage process and biocatalyzed electrolysis) utilizing sugarcane juice as the carbon source, are compared with base case method steam methane reforming (SMR) on the basis of net energy ratio, energy efficiency and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

TL;DR: In this article, the Solid Oxide Electrolyser Cell (SOEC) performance as function of operating parameters temperature, humidity and current density is reported, and it is shown that high electrical-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiencies are achieved (e.g., cell voltages of 1.0 and 1.25 V at −1/A/cm−2 and 900 and 800 C, respectively).

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of various tools for diagnosing polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells and stacks, and incorporate the most recent technical advances in PEM fuel cell diagnosis.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared five pretreatment methods (acid, base, heat-shock, aeration, chloroform, and base acid) in batch tests to evaluate and compare their suitability in enrichment of hydrogen-producing bacteria.

TL;DR: In this article, an anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) was prepared using LSCF-GDC composite as cathode, GDC film (49-μm-thick) as electrolyte, and Ni−GDC (65:35) as anode.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the dehydrogenation of cycloalkanes as useful reaction for storage of hydrogen in chemical hydrides and propose a novel approach for the supply of hydrogen, through liquid organic hydride (LOH) using catalytic reaction pair of dehydrogenization of cycloencane and hydrogenation of corresponding aromatics.

TL;DR: In this paper, Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was used in hydrogen production by Clostridium butyricum and reaction times (15-240 min) at 121°C, 1.5% H2SO4 and 60min which yielded 24.5g-COD/L of total sugar.

TL;DR: In this paper, anode electrocatalysts of Ir, Ru and their oxides were prepared and incorporated into the catalyst coated membranes (CCM) of the PEMWE.

TL;DR: A pH-phased two-stage fermentation process combined thermophilic hydrogen production and mesophilic methane production with recirculation of the digested sludge was suggested in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of support on activity and stability of catalysts for aqueous-phase reforming of glycerol using a fixed-bed flow reactor.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of reaction parameters, such as reaction atmosphere, noble-metal loading, amount of loaded platinum, crystalline phase of TiO2, initial concentration of glucose, and pH value of the reaction solution on the hydrogen evolution are systematically investigated.

TL;DR: In this paper, a microbial fuel cell (MFC) was constructed using polypyrrole (PPy) coated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite as an anode material and Escherichia coli as the biocatalyst.

TL;DR: The hydrogen evolution reaction on the electrodeposited Ni-Mo alloy coatings, as well as their electrochemical properties in the NaOH solutions, have been investigated by the polarization measurements, cyclic voltammetry and EIS technique.

TL;DR: In this article, a cyclic voltammogram of NiCu alloy demonstrates the formation of β/β crystallographic forms of the nickel oxyhydroxide under prolonged repetitive potential cycling in alkaline solution.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used hydrogen as an air-enrichment medium with diesel as an ignition source in a stationary diesel engine system to improve engine performance and reduce emissions.

TL;DR: In this paper, an arithmetic equation of fuel cell lifetime is presented, which is relating with load changing cycles, start-stop cycles, idling time, high power load condition and the air pollution factor.

TL;DR: A thermophilic H 2 -producing bacterial strain was isolated from a biohydrogen reactor fed with palm oil mill effluent and identified as Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum using 16S rRNA gene analysis, which showed a high yield and production rate.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of hydrogen addition on cycle-by-cycle variation (CCV) in an SI engine was conducted on a 6-cylinder throttle body injection natural gas (NG) engine.

TL;DR: A two-stage process combining dark/photo fermentation was used to increase the overall hydrogen yield from sucrose and also to reduce the chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the effluent.

TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of a high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell combined with a conventional recuperative gas turbine (GT-SOFC) plant, as well as the irreversibility within the system were examined.

TL;DR: In this article, four pretreatment methods including heat-shock pretreatment, acid-pre-treatment, alkaline pretreatment and repeated-aeration pretreatment were performed on the seed sludge which was collected from a secondary settling tank of a municipal wastewater treatment plant.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors considered hydrogen as a renewable and sustainable solution for reducing global fossil fuel consumption and combating global warming and studied exergetically through a parametric performance analysis.

TL;DR: In this paper, a fluidized bed system for supercritical water (SCW) was developed to prevent the plugging of a tubular reactor for biomass gasification in the SCW.

TL;DR: In this article, the efficiency of the PV-electrolysis system was optimized by matching the voltage and maximum power output of the photovoltaics to the operating voltage of proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers.

TL;DR: In this article, a three-reactor chemical looping (CL) based process for producing hydrogen from natural gas is presented, where iron oxide particles are circulated to: (i) oxidize natural gas (thus providing, after cooling and water condensation, a CO 2 stream ready for sequestration), (ii) reduce steam, to produce hydrogen as the final product of the process, and (iii) consume oxygen from an air stream, to sustain the thermal balance of the system.