Showing papers in "International Journal of Stress Management in 2005"
TL;DR: Results from this prospective randomized controlled pilot study suggest that an 8-week MBSR intervention may be effective for reducing stress and increasing quality of life and self-compassion in health care professionals.
Abstract: The literature is replete with evidence that the stress inherent in health care negatively impacts health care professionals, leading to increased depression, decreased job satisfaction, and psychological distress. In an attempt to address this, the current study examined the effects of a short-term stress management program, mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), on health care professionals. Results from this prospective randomized controlled pilot study suggest that an 8-week MBSR intervention may be effective for reducing stress and increasing quality of life and self-compassion in health care professionals. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
1,220 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a 3-factor structure of job and home demands was hypothesized, consisting of quantitativedemands, emotional demands, and mental demands and empirical support was found for the 3 factor structure as well as for the partial mediating effects of both WHI and HWI on burnout.
Abstract: Utrecht UniversityThe aim of the present study was to make a clear distinction between workand home domains in the explanation of burnout. First, a 3-factor structureof job and home demands was hypothesized, consisting of quantitativedemands, emotional demands, and mental demands. Next, a model was testedthat delineates how demands in both life domains are related to occupationalburnout through work home interference (WHI) and home work interfer-ence (HWI). In doing so, the partial mediating role of WHI and HWI wasexamined. Consistent with hypotheses, empirical support was found for the3-factor structure of both job and home demands as well as for the partialmediating effects of both WHI and HWI. Job demands and home demandsappeared to have a direct and indirect effect (through WHI and HWI,respectively) on burnout.
462 citations
TL;DR: The Burnout Measure (BM) as mentioned in this paper is a self-report measure of burnout which includes 21 items, evaluated on 7-point frequency scales, assessing the level of an individual's physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion.
Abstract: The Burnout Measure (BM; Pines & Aronson, 1988) is a widely used self-report measure of burnout. It includes 21 items, evaluated on 7-point frequency scales, assessing the level of an individual's physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion. In this article, a shorter, 10-item version of the BM (BMS)
382 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the relationship between organizational justice and well-being at the work-unit level and found that the level of interactional justice over distributive and procedural justice is related to burnout.
Abstract: Relationships between organizational justice and well-being are traditionally investigated at the individual level. This article extends previous efforts by testing such relationships at the work-unit level. Three corridors of influence were examined. First, the level (work units’ average scores) of justice is related to the level of burnout. Second, justice climate strength (level of agreement among work-unit members) moderates the predictability of the level of burnout. Third, justice strength is related to burnout strength. The authors interviewed 324 contact employees from 108 work units in 59 service organizations. Findings showed the predominance of interactional justice over distributive and procedural justice in all 3 corridors.
150 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data from 105 and 129 employees in Hong Kong and Beijing, respectively, and the results revealed that selfefficacy was positively related to job satisfaction in both samples.
Abstract: The authors tested the direct and moderating effects of self-efficacy and Chinese work values on relationships between job stressors and work wellbeing among employees in Hong Kong and Beijing. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data from 105 and 129 employees in Hong Kong and Beijing, respectively. The results revealed that self-efficacy was positively related to job satisfaction in both samples. Selfefficacy was found to be a stress moderator in some of the stressor–work well-being relationships for both samples. The direct effect of Chinese work values on work well-being was minimal, and its moderating effects were partially demonstrated in some of the stressor–job satisfaction relationships.
132 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of work characteristics on employee health and well-being are compared in regard to the number of characteristics included, the specificity of the relationships, and the situational specificity assumed.
Abstract: In comparison with R. A. Karasek and T. Theorell's (1990) well-known demand-control-support (DCS) model, recent models of the effects of work characteristics on employee health and well-being are complex in regard to the number of characteristics included, the specificity of the relationships, and the situational specificity assumed. Data from 37,291 Dutch employees were used to examine to what extent these 3 approaches are valid. Several increasingly complex models of the relations among 7 work characteristics were compared and cross validated in 4 branches of industry. Further, these work characteristics were related to 3 outcome variables. A general model—tentatively labeled the demand-skill-support model—provided the best approximation of the relationships among work characteristics, health, and well-being.
125 citations
110 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the predictive ability of emotional intelligence (EI), trust, and organizational support in general health was examined and the implications of the results are discussed in terms of promoting the general health of employees through training on EI skills and through the creation of an atmosphere of trust and recognition within the organization.
Abstract: This study examined the predictive ability of emotional intelligence (EI), trust, and organizational support in general health. The sample consisted of 250 middle-level executives from 2-wheeler manufacturing organizations. Results suggest that the dimension of EI termed positive attitude about life predicted both factors of general health positively: (a) sense of accomplishment and contribution and (b) botheration-free existence. Organizational support predicted sense of accomplishment and contribution, whereas vertical trust predicted botheration-free existence, accompanied by the assertiveness and positive self-concept dimension of EI. The implications of the results are discussed in terms of promoting the general health of employees through training on EI skills and through the creation of an atmosphere of trust and recognition within the organization.
97 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the predictors of productivity (i.e., work performance) were investigated with A Shortened Stress Evaluation Tool (E. B. Faragher, C. Cooper, and S. Cartwright, 2004), which incorporates individual work stressors, stress outcomes (physical and psychological well-being), and commitment (both to and from an organization).
Abstract: In this study (N = 16,001), the predictors of productivity (i.e., work performance)were investigated with A Shortened Stress Evaluation Tool (E. B. Faragher, C. L. Cooper, & S. Cartwright, 2004), which incorporates individual work stressors, stress outcomes (physical and psychological well-being), and commitment (both to and from an organization). Psychological well-being, commitment from the organization to the employee, and resources were found to be predictive. Physical health, individual work stressors (with the exception of resources), and commitment from the employee to the organization were not identified as important. The indings are discussed with reference to both previous and future research. The large sample size and broad range of occupations included suggest the findings are generalizable to other employee groupings. Implications for both stress and management theory are discussed.
95 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of organizational and environmental work conditions on the job characteristics of nurses and on their health and well-being was examined by means of regression analyses, and the results indicated that job characteristics mediated the relationship between work conditions, such as work agreements and rewards, and outcomes.
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of organizational and environmental work conditions on the job characteristics of nurses and on their health and well-being. The sample consisted of 807 registered nurses working in an academic hospital. The direct influence of work conditions on outcomes was examined. Mediation of job characteristics in the relationships between work conditions and outcomes was tested by means of regression analyses. The results indicated that job characteristics, such as demands and control, mediated the relationship between work conditions, such as work agreements and rewards, and outcomes. By managing organizational and environmental conditions of work, job characteristics can be altered, and these in their turn influence nurses’ job satisfaction and distress.
95 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the effects of a burnout prevention program based on insights from transpersonal psychology, notably psychosynthesis, on burnout, happiness, spirituality, emotional intelligence, and relative deprivation with respect to one's career.
Abstract: This study evaluated the effects of a burnout prevention program based on insights from transpersonal psychology, notably psychosynthesis. It examined the effects of the program on burnout, happiness, spirituality, emotional intelligence, and relative deprivation with respect to one's career. Thirty-eight individuals, mostly with a background in engineering, participated in a 10-day program over 3 months. A comparison group of similar age and work experience was recruited of colleagues from the same firms and departments. Both groups filled out questionnaires at 3 time points: before the start of the program, immediately after the program (3 months later), and 9 months later. Results showed that a psychosynthesis-based prevention program might be an effective instrument in reducing burnout and enhancing happiness, emotional intelligence, and feelings of spirituality. Copyright 2005 by the Educational Publishing Foundation.
TL;DR: The Music Performance Anxiety Inventory for Adolescents (MPAI-A) as mentioned in this paper was developed using an Australian sample of 381 talented young musicians, ages 12 to 19 years.
Abstract: The Music Performance Anxiety Inventory for Adolescents (MPAI–A), the first standardized measure of music performance anxiety (MPA) for adolescents, was developed using an Australian sample of 381 talented young musicians, ages 12 to 19 years. This study validates the MPAI–A on a younger sample of 84 band musicians from the United States, ages 11 to 13 years. The MPAI–A was reliable (Cronbach’s .91) and valid for this sample. Construct validity was demonstrated by significant positive relationships with measures of social phobia and trait anxiety. These results are comparable to the findings of the original sample and support the use of this instrument as a screening tool for MPA in young musicians.
TL;DR: In this article, the results of a time-limited psychological relief effort using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) following the attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 are presented.
Abstract: This article presents the results of a time-limited psychological relief effort using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) following the attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. Clients made highly significant positive gains on a range of outcome variables, including validated psychometrics and self-report scales. Analyses of the data suggest 2 broad conclusions: EMDR is a useful treatment intervention both in the immediate aftermath of disaster as well as later; the longer treatment is delayed, the greater the level of disturbance experienced by clients. Also discussed are problems in conducting research during mass disaster response situations. A demonstration of an analog to a wait-list control group is provided.
TL;DR: In this paper, the factorial validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) among 694 participants from four differ-ent occupational groups was tested.
Abstract: University of TromsoThe present study tested the factorial validity of the Maslach BurnoutInventory–General Survey (MBI-GS) among 694 participants from 4 differ-ent occupational groups. Confirmatory factor analyses of the total sample, aswell as multigroup analyses and analyses of each of the 4 occupationalgroups separately, indicated that the original 3-factor model of the MBI-GSprovided a good fit to the data. Internal consistencies of the subscales of theMBI-GS were acceptable, and test–retest reliability indicated relative sta-bility of scores over a 6-month interval. These results indicate that theproposed 3-factor structure of the MBI-GS, based on 16 items, can bereplicated in the total sample as well as across different occupational groupsin Norway.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the association between attitudes toward sex, stress, relationship quality, performance anxiety, and sexual dysfunction among 157 men (114 dysfunctional, 43 functional) and 186 women (84 dysfunctional, 102 functional).
Abstract: The current study evaluated the association between attitudes toward sex, stress, relationship quality, performance anxiety, and sexual dysfunction among 157 men (114 dysfunctional, 43 functional) and 186 women (84 dysfunctional, 102 functional). The results demonstrate that the main factors related to all types of sexual dysfunction among men were attitudes toward sex, conflict in their relationship, and performance anxiety. For women, the main factors related to all types of sexual dysfunction were attitudes toward sex, relationship quality, and performance anxiety. These results demonstrate the central role of performance anxiety in either the development or maintenance of sexual dysfunction among both men and women. Clearly, this is an area that has to be considered in any treatment program for sexual dysfunction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserve
TL;DR: Ben-Zur et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the pattern of associations between demographic variables, problem-and emotion-focused coping, and distress, and concluded that stressful conditions may enhance the effects of coping strategies on distress.
Abstract: Hasida Ben-ZurUniversity of HaifaCoping strategies represent behavioral and cognitive efforts to deal withstressful encounters (R. S. Lazarus & S. Folkman, 1984). This study aimed toassess the pattern of associations between demographic variables, problem-and emotion-focused coping, and distress. A representative sample of 510adult Israelis completed coping and distress inventories. Emotion-focusedcoping showed strong positive associations with distress, whereas problem-focused coping was negatively related to this variable, although to a lesserdegree. The effects of problem-focused coping on distress were more pro-nounced for participants who had experienced a recent life event. Theconclusion to be drawn is that stressful conditions may enhance the effects ofcoping strategies on distress.
TL;DR: In this paper, stress management for athletes is discussed, and specific types of stress management approaches used with athletes, and associated with external vs. internal sources of stress, and with the 3 stress response domains.
Abstract: This article covers stress management for athletes beginning with a brief behavioral conceptualization of athletic performance and analysis of stress. Examples of external and internal stressors are offered, as well as of stress responses from autonomic, somatic, and cognitive domains. Further discussed are specific types of stress management approaches used with athletes, and associated with external vs. internal sources of stress, and with the 3 stress response domains. Although the article focuses on the author’s own conceptualization and experiences with sport interventions, relevant research results from the current literature are cited to provide a broader context.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship between shift patterns and role stressors and strains, as well as the extent to which situational variables and individual variables mediate the relationship.
Abstract: This study examined the relationship between shift patterns and role stressors and strains, as well as the extent to which situational variables and individual variables mediate the relationship between shift patterns and strains. Using survey data from 397 Israeli nurses, the author found that nurses working fixed day (vs. rotating) shifts reported less strains, but more stressors. Individual and situational variables mediated the relationship between shift pattern and both affective commitment and intention to leave, respectively. Younger age and higher role ambiguity might account for fully rotating shift nurses’ reports of intention to leave, and being an older, full-time employee with little role conflict and ambiguity might explain why fixed day (vs. rotating) shift nurses report greater affective commitment.
TL;DR: The authors presented seven papers addressing performance anxiety in a number of areas of human endeavor (sexual performance, music performance, test-taking, sport, and work) and as a group, they illuminate underlying differences and commonalities across different domains of human performance.
Abstract: presents seven papers addressing performance anxiety in a number of areas of human endeavor (sexual performance, music performance, test-taking, sport, and work) and as a group, they illuminate underlying differences and commonalities across different domains of human performance. This novel convergence of papers on performance anxiety will assist researchers in the field to synthesize the various domain findings into a meta-theory of performance anxiety. 2