Showing papers in "Microbes and Infection in 1999"

TL;DR: The main antimicrobial effect of allicin is due to its chemical reaction with thiol groups of various enzymes, e.g. alcohol dehydrogenase, thioredoxin reductase, and RNA polymerase, which can affect essential metabolism of cysteine proteinase activity involved in the virulence of E. histolytica.

TL;DR: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) isoforms are multifunctional cytokines that play a central role in wound healing and in tissue repair as mentioned in this paper, and are found in all tissues, but are particularly abundant in bone, lung, kidney and placental tissue.

TL;DR: Investigation of foodborne outbreaks have been advanced through the use of molecular biology techniques such as ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and have identified major animal reservoirs, e.g., the pig.

TL;DR: Since TGF-beta has been associated with the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, the various mechanisms of activation of L-TGF- beta in context offer the possibility of controlling T GF-beta activity localized to the organ of involvement and to a more specific disease process.

TL;DR: Diversity of C. jejuni isolates in genotypic and phenotypic characteristics now is recognized and clinically relevant examples are presented.

TL;DR: There is an urgent need to implement strategies for prudent use of antibiotics in food animal production to prevent further increases in the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in food-borne human pathogenic bacteria such as Campylobacter and E. coli.

TL;DR: In contrast to these negative regulatory effects of TGF-β1 on function and maturation of lymphoid tissue type DCs, certain subpopulations of immature DCs in nonlymphoid tissues are positively regulated by TGF -β1 signaling.

TL;DR: Free-living amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba produce a progressive, blinding infection of the corneal surface which involves parasite-mediated cytolysis and phagocytosis of cornea epithelial cells and induction of programmed cell death.

TL;DR: The potential involvement of enterotoxins in the pathogenesis of Aeromonas infections is discussed and the importance of knowing the carrier and removal status of canine coronavirus is discussed.

TL;DR: The dual role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in modulating macrophage function is an important concept gaining increasing recognition, and increasing understanding of the bidirectional regulation of macrophages will facilitate prediction of the ultimate outcome of modulating TGF- β levels in vivo.

TL;DR: Perhaps the most intriguing aspect of phospholipases as virulence factors is their potential to interfere with cellular signaling cascades and to modulate the host immune response.

TL;DR: It is observed that the transition from the immature to the mature state is not a progressive itinerary, but it is characterised by precise functional stages, and DCs show recovery of migratory ability and start to progressively lose their antigen uptake function until the mature stage in which they show poor antigen uptake and migratory activity.

TL;DR: TGF-β appears to be involved in lymphopoiesis and is required for the development of plasma cells secreting all secondary isotypes and its ability to inhibit proliferation and stimulate apoptosis suggest that it may be involved both in germinal center development and regulation of B-cell proliferation at sites of high antigen load such as the gastrointestinal tract.

TL;DR: An overview of the interactions of mycobacteria and lipoarabinomannan with immune cells and a potential virulence factor which can bind to leukocytes and modulate immune responses is provided.

TL;DR: Data suggest that identification of the specific gene targets of Smad proteins in immune cells will provide new insight into the mechanisms of TGF-β action on these cells.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the current knowledge pertaining to the pathogenesis of infection with Bacillus anthracis relative to the two exotoxins and the capsule.

TL;DR: In this review, complement resistance is discussed as one of the features that makes a bacterium a pathogen.

TL;DR: While the immune response is similar in both +/+ and ICAM-1(-/-) mice, the absence of mortality in ICAM(-/+) mice correlates with a decrease of macrophage and parasitized RBC trapping and a less severe thrombocytopenia.

TL;DR: A better understanding of the molecular mechanism of how TGF-β inhibits or stimulates T lymphocytes will help to predict the complex functions of this cytokine.

TL;DR: A review of studies and conclusions on the roles of TGF-β in infection will attempt to highlight findings and conclusions that may have a positive or beneficial effect in some models of infection.

TL;DR: During bacterial vaginosis (BV), populations of lactobacilli which are generally dominant in the vagina of overtly healthy women are replaced by other facultative and anaerobic microorganisms.

TL;DR: The microbes that are classically associated with CF and the virulence, inflammatory potential and resistance mechanisms which contribute to the reduction in life expectancy for colonised CF patients are reviewed.

TL;DR: Clostridium difficile is now established as a major nosocomial pathogen and the direct influence of antimicrobials upon virulence mechanisms such as toxin production and adhesion in the bowel, and the exact mechanisms by which the organism causes disease remain to be elucidated.

TL;DR: Preliminary results provide evidence that common terrestrial small mammals living in peripheral forest areas have been in contact with the EBO virus and demonstrate the persistence of E BO virus RNA and DNA in the organs of the animals.

TL;DR: Observations indicate that the absence of IL-10 augments innate and acquired antifungal immunity by upregulating type 1 cytokine responses, which lead to a prompt reduction of fungal growth, thus preventing tissue destruction and lethal levels of proinflammatory cytokines.

TL;DR: It is proved that Nramp1 is the Bcg/Lsh/Ity gene, indicating that this is an important mycobacterial-susceptibility gene in humans and confirming the usefulness of this mouse model in the study of human infectious disease susceptibility.

TL;DR: The relationship between transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and cancer are varied and complex as mentioned in this paper, and the paradigm that is emerging from the experimental evidence accumulated over the past decade or so is that TGFβ can play two different and opposite roles with respect to the process of malignant progression.

TL;DR: The present contribution attempts to interconnect, with the pivotal role of the macrophage, the early resistance process under the control of the Nramp1 gene and the cytokine response for resolving infection.

TL;DR: Mechanisms of pathogenicity of C. neoformans and the host defenses against this fungus are reviewed, incorporating recent data and perspectives.

TL;DR: The intracellular lifestyle of Brucella, as well as the possible genes involved in pathogenesis and host cell signaling, are discussed, including the presence of genes with high similarity to those from other animal pathogens, plant pathogens and endosymbionts.