Showing papers in "Neurochemistry International in 2013"

TL;DR: This review focuses on the neurodegenerative mechanisms and effects of Fe, Mn and Hg, addressing the main sources of exposure to these metals, their transport mechanisms into the brain, and therapeutic modalities to mitigate their neurotoxic effects.

TL;DR: This review discusses oxidative/nitrosative stress in Alzheimer's disease with a focus on the role that metals play in this process, and discusses metal binding compounds that are designed to cross the blood brain barrier and restore metal homeostasis as potential Alzheimer’s disease therapeutics.

TL;DR: The GOS prebiotic increased cortical NR1, d-serine, and hippocampal NR2A subunits and BDNF and NR1subunit mRNAs, in the rat hippocampus, and increased plasma levels of the gut peptide PYY.

TL;DR: Recent efforts have been directed towards understanding the sources of oxidative stress in ischemic stroke and attempting to block the generation of oxygen radicals.

TL;DR: The potential application of anti-inflammatory interventions in limiting the dopaminergic neuronal cell death in these models is discussed with evidence suggesting that the further investigation of their use as part of multi-targeted clinical trials is warranted.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that H2S is a neuromodulator that facilitates hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) by enhancing the activity of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and also functions as a neuroprotective agent by enhances the production of glutathione, a major intracellular antioxidant that scavenges the reactive oxygen species in the mitochondria.

TL;DR: A brief review describes the merits and limitations of recently discovered biomarkers and proposes coenzyme Q10, mitochondrial ubiquinone-NADH oxidoreductase, melatonin, α-synculein index, Charnoly body, and metallothioneins as novel biomarkers to confirm PD diagnosis for early and effective treatment of PD.

TL;DR: This work has shown that changes in Glucocerebrosidase gene mutations parallel important pathogenetic of Parkinson’s disease and causes mitochondrial dysfunction & oxidative stress.

TL;DR: The telomere and telomerase-associated proteins are identified as novel therapeutic targets in the treatment of neurodegeneration due to their ability to modulate the neuronal response to both oxidative stress and DNA damage.

TL;DR: The data reveal that microglia, not astrocytes are the major source of TNF-α and TGF-β1 in postnatal glial cultures, and thatmicroglial production of these antagonistic cytokines is tightly regulated by cytokines, LPS, and vitronectin.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects and potential mechanisms of intranasal administration of desferrioxamine (DFO) on abnormal tau phosphorylation were investigated using amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PS1) double transgenic mouse brain as a model system.

TL;DR: The clinical significance of tryptophan-rich diet and vitamin B(6) to boost serotonergic neurotransmission in depression observed in various neurodegenerative diseases is highlighted.

TL;DR: According to my hypothesis, chronic exposure of biogenic amines-based-pesticides to honeybee foragers in hives and agricultural fields can disrupt neural cholinergic and octopaminergic signaling, which impairs their olfactory learning and memory.

TL;DR: The potential role of astrocytes in the copper metabolism of the brain in diseases that have been connected with disturbances in brain copper homeostasis is addressed and copper-induced alterations in the glucose and glutathione metabolism of astROcytes are described.

TL;DR: The flavonoid-rich extract from R. laevigata Michx fruit has the potential actions for treatment of ischemic stroke due to its anti-oxidant, anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammatory properties.

TL;DR: The aim of the present review is to offer a current perspective about the consequences of hypoglycemia and its impact on the diabetic disorder due to the increasing incidence of diabetes around the world.

TL;DR: Three lines of evidence indicate that critical cornerstones of the astrocyte-to-neuron lactate shuttle model are not established and normal brain does not need lactate as supplemental fuel.

TL;DR: Several known mechanisms by which GS expression and function are influenced, from transcriptional control to enzyme modification, are discussed, which may lead to novel therapeutic approaches to MTLE, which is frequently refractory to antiepileptic drugs.

TL;DR: EMF induce neural differentiation through activation of EGFR signaling and mild generation of ROS in BM-MSCs by examining the signaling pathways involved in the neural differentiation by EMF.

TL;DR: It is infers that low frequency magnetic stimulation participates in regulating structural synaptic plasticity of hippocampal neurons via the activation of BDNF-TrkB signaling pathways.

TL;DR: It is suggested that Celastrol protects SH-SY5Y cells from rotenone induced injuries and autophagic pathway is involved in celastrol neuroprotective effects.

TL;DR: Application of atRA induced differentiation of NSC-34 cells provides a suitable model to investigate molecular events linked to neurodegeneration of differentiated neurons and has to be considered in neurotoxic studies.

TL;DR: The study suggests that catechin hydrate is effective in preventing memory loss, ameliorating the oxidative stress and might be beneficial for the treatment of sporadic dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT).

TL;DR: Treatment with resveratrol significantly prevented cognitive deficits induced by chronic ethanol exposure not only by modulating oxido-nitrosative stress but also by attenuating the enhanced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in different brain regions of ethanol treated rats.

TL;DR: The results suggest that PYC protects dopaminergic neurons from MPTP-induced toxicity in the mouse model of PD, and could suggest a novel avenue for clinical intervention in neurodegenerative diseases including PD.

TL;DR: SAMP8 compared to SAMR1 mice are a suitable model to study age-dependent changes in mitochondrial function and curcumin emerges as a promising nutraceutical for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases that are accompanied or caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.

TL;DR: The amyloid cascade hypothesis is revisited demonstrating the possible roles of Zn(II) and Cu(II), thus influencing the fibrillization and toxicity of Aβ in AD.

TL;DR: It is found that sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a donator of H2S) prevents OGD/R-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation and activation of caspase-3 in cultured mouse cortical neurons.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that in a wide range of brain disorders, PPARβ/δ plays a central role between PPARα and PPARγ is proposed, which is designated the "PPAR triad".

TL;DR: It is suggested that Mp seed extract treatment significantly reduced the PQ induced neurotoxicity as evident by decrease in oxidative damage, physiological abnormalities and immunohistochemical changes in the Parkinsonian mouse.