Showing papers in "Neuropharmacology in 2010"

TL;DR: This review elaborate on the dynamic role of oxidative stress in AD and present corresponding treatment strategies that are currently under investigation, and allude to the possibility of a preventative cure.

TL;DR: Findings to date indicate that molecules implicated in induction of plasticity participate in these forms of learning, and receptors involved in LTP and LTD at glutamatergic synapses onto MSNs of the "indirect pathway" appear to have important roles in habit learning.

TL;DR: Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and parallel analysis of a carefully selected group of reference genes, the relative expression of each PDE isoenzyme across the 24 selected tissues is determined, and the expression of selected PDEs to each other within a given tissue type is compared.

TL;DR: An update on the role of p38 MAPK in neurodegeneration, with a focus on Alzheimer's disease, is presented by summarizing recent literature and several key papers from earlier years.

TL;DR: A critical evaluation of how basic knowledge of new neurons in the adult hippocampus might eventually help combat or even prevent mental illness is provided.

TL;DR: A significant reduction was found in MCM2-, but not PH3-immunopositive cells in depression, which is consistent with the concept that structural plasticity is decreased in depression but could not confirm that antidepressant drugs had a stimulatory effect on these cells.

TL;DR: Results suggest that pharmacological manipulation of the brain OXT system is effective to attenuate extremes in trait anxiety in an animal model of psychopathological anxiety, and indicates that differences in the activity of thebrain OXT systems between HAB and LAB rats may, at least partially, contribute to the opposing anxiety but not depression-related behaviour.

TL;DR: Age-dependent changes in V(1A)-R and OT-R binding are likely associated with the maturation of behaviors, such as sexual and aggressive behaviors, while disruption of these changes by MS might contribute to previously observed changes in social behaviors after MS.

TL;DR: This review summarizes recent advances on small molecule inhibitors of protein aggregation with emphasis on tau, with activities mediated by the direct interference of self-assembly showing that hydrophobic interactions are prevailing.

TL;DR: Helpless animals showed a significantly suppressed expression of the glial glutamate transporter EAAT2 in hippocampus and cerebral cortex compared to littermates with low failure rate and not helpless animals, which strongly suggest reduced astroglial glutamate uptake and implicate increased glutamate levels in learned helplessness.

TL;DR: It is found that pretreatment with SB significantly attenuated cocaine-seeking when rats were placed back into the self-administration environment following either 1 day or 2 weeks of abstinence (no extinction), or following extinction of cocaine- seeking in an alternative environment (distinct from the training environment).

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the anxiolytic-like profile of WAY-267464 is mediated through central sites of action, similar to the antipsychotic-like effects previously reported for OT.

TL;DR: Oxytocin may have a powerful inhibitory effect on the motivation to consume methamphetamine and on hyperactivity associated with acute methamphetamine intoxication, point to the potential utility of human trials of oxytocin as a therapeutic treatment for methamphetamine addiction.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that GABA(A) receptor subunits and GABA enzymes display complex patterns of changes during brain development suggesting that dynamic interactions may occur between GABA transmitter levels and GABA receptors in fragile X syndrome.

TL;DR: Data substantiate targeting of cyclooxygenase-2 in the chronic epileptic brain as a promising strategy to control the expression levels of P-glycoprotein despite recurrent seizure activity and helps to increase concentrations of antiepileptic drugs at the target sites in the epileptic head.

TL;DR: The recently discovered Neuropeptide S and its cognate receptor represent a highly interesting system of neuromodulation with unique physiological effects that produces anxiolytic-like effects by acutely reducing fear responses as well as modulating long-term aspects of fear memory.

TL;DR: It is postulate that the effect of both LHb modulation and LHb DBS on cocaine reinforcement may be via attenuation of the cocaine-induced increase in glutaminergic input to the VTA.

TL;DR: The present results suggest that stimulating BDNF and reducing Abeta toxicity by natural flavonols provide a therapeutic implication for treatment of AD.

TL;DR: Diarylamidines constitute a novel class of non-amiloride ASIC blockers and it is suggested that diarylamidine may be developed as therapeutic agents in treatment of ASIC-involved diseases.

TL;DR: Results showed a beneficial antidyskinetic effect of blocking mGluR5 in L-Dopa-treated MPTP monkeys, which supports the therapeutic use of an mGLUR5 antagonist to restore normal brain glutamate neurotransmission in PD and decrease dyskinesias.

TL;DR: Results suggest that acute stress-induced CRF secretion can rapidly alter RLX3 gene transcription by activation of CRF(1) present on NI neurons, and support a role for RLx3 neural networks in the normal neural and physiological response to neurogenic stressors in the rat.

TL;DR: The ADDL paradigm affords a promising framework for ongoing AD research and for development of the first therapeutics endowed with the dual capabilities of immediate symptom reversal and long-term disease modification.

TL;DR: Icariin protects against brain ischemic injury by increasing the SIRT1 and PGC-1alpha expression, potentially to be a neuroprotectant for isChemic brain injury.

TL;DR: Current pharmacological models of how ghrelin regulates food intake and how manipulating gh Relin signalling may give novel insight into developing better and more selective anti-obesity drugs are described.

TL;DR: It is suggested that neurotransmitters may act upstream from extracellular other factors and cell-intrinsic mechanisms by coupling network activity to the niche microenvironment and intracellular machinery to ultimately regulate neurogenesis.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated in a rodent model of focal ischemia that NeuroAid II (MLC901) pre- and post-treatments up to 3 h after stroke improve survival, protect the brain from the ischemic injury and drastically decrease functional deficits.

TL;DR: This approach has identified several compounds with agonist or partial agonist activity that display improved selectivity for alpha 6 beta 2*-nAChR, which may help in developing more effective smoking cessation aids with fewer side effects than current therapeutics.

TL;DR: The results showed that treatment with icariin significantly decreased Aβ(25-35)-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis rate through inhibiting tau protein hyperphosphorylation at Ser396, Ser404 and Thr205 sites, respectively.

TL;DR: It is suggested that alpha-MSH in the PVN, ARC, DMNd,DMNv and CeA, acting via MC4 receptors, are involved in manifestation of affective disorders like anxiety and depression.

TL;DR: It is proposed that these effects of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism might be mediated by a neural circuitry that comprises the amygdala, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and insular cortex which is based on previous studies on the genetic basis of decision making.