Showing papers in "Neuropharmacology in 2018"

TL;DR: This updated version of the original entropic brain hypothesis now offers more concrete information on specific measures of brain entropy and suggests new studies to scrutinise it further, as well as examining its utility for describing and informing the treatment of psychiatric and neurological conditions such as depression and disorders of consciousness.

TL;DR: GAAR subtypes possess pharmacologically specific receptor binding sites for a large group of different chemical classes of clinically important neuropharmacological agents, including agonist depressants and antagonist convulsants.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors assess the abuse potential of medically-administered psilocybin, following the structure of the 8 factors of the US Controlled Substances Act (CSA).

TL;DR: Results indicate that CBD prevents the behavioral effects caused by CUS probably due to a facilitation of endocannabinoid neurotransmission and consequent CB1/CB2 receptors activation, which could recruit intracellular/synaptic proteins involved in neurogenesis and dendritic remodeling.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate the potential of developing disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease that are superior to current single GLP-1 mimetics.

TL;DR: Data summarized in this review strongly confirm the reliability and usefulness of NMDAR antagonist animal models for evaluating novel therapeutic candidates, and for improving the understanding of the pathophysiology of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.

TL;DR: Impaired neuronal insulin signaling and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are present in animal models of AD, similar to observations in peripheral tissue in T2D, shed light into novel diabetes‐related mechanisms leading to brain dysfunction in AD.

TL;DR: This review aims to critically evaluate the present evidence and future potential of intranasal insulin as a meaningful treatment for AD.

TL;DR: Current knowledge of the mechanisms thought to transduce opioid‐induced gastrointestinal adverse effects (constipation, nausea, vomiting) and respiratory depression are focused on.

TL;DR: Recent novel experimental findings supporting the anti-seizure and neuroprotective properties of ketone bodies are summarized.

TL;DR: It is shown that CBD can modulate some behavioural and molecular manifestations of cocaine reinforcement, and the findings show that CBD has pro‐neurogenic effects also in cocaine consuming animals.

TL;DR: It is concluded that more must be done to effectively address mental illnesses and brain related diseases which have become so pervasive, destructive, and whose treatments are becoming increasingly resistant to current evidenced based therapies.

TL;DR: Preclinical and clinical research into ketamine's ability to treat addiction shows great promise as a treatment for various addictions, but well‐controlled research is urgently needed.

TL;DR: Challenges in measuring subtle Blood‐Brain Barrier changes are examined and DCE‐MRI studies of BBB breakdown in dementia are reviewed, concluding that reliable measurement of low‐level BBB permeability across sites remains a difficult problem and standardization of the methodology for both data acquisition and quantitative analysis is required.

TL;DR: The present understanding of mechanisms of neurorestorative therapies and summarizes ongoing clinical trials is discussed, including Minocycline and Candesartan, which promote neuroprotection and neurorestoration after stroke.

TL;DR: It is confirmed that butyrylfentanyl, U-47700 and MT-45 are selective MOR-1 agonists with in vitro affinities less than morphine, however, analgesic potencies vary more than 30-fold across the compounds, and in Vitro binding affinity does not predict in vivo potency.

TL;DR: The findings of the present study indicate that low‐intensity exercise may assist in preventing cognitive dysfunction during or after chemotherapy in patients with various cancers, including breast cancer.

TL;DR: MGlu3 receptors, which are traditionally linked to the control of neurotransmitter release, support mGlu5 receptor signaling in neurons and largely contribute to the robust mGLU5 receptor‐mediated polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis in the early postnatal life.

TL;DR: In the nucleus accumbens of sucrose withdrawal animals, dopamine levels and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) activity were significantly reduced, while the inwardly rectifying K+ channel, Kir2.1, was significantly elevated.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that (2R,6R)‐HNK rescues chronic stress‐induced depression‐like behavior with rapid‐acting and long‐lasting antidepressant effects through enhancement of AMPA receptor‐mediated transmission in the vlPAG.

TL;DR: The neuroprotective effect of Ex‐4 in EBI after SAH was mediated by attenuation of neuronal apoptosis via GLP‐1R/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, therefore EX‐4 should be further investigated as a potential therapeutic agent in stroke patients.

TL;DR: It is concluded that dual agonists are a promising novel treatment for PD after two novel GLP‐1/GIP receptor agonists show good effects in the MPTP mouse model of PD.

TL;DR: Using a singular translational approach based on biobehavioral dispositions to excessive alcohol seeking without heavy intoxication, an association between gut microbiome composition and these specific “at risk” behavioral traits observed in the authors' translationally relevant model is suggested.

TL;DR: The inhibition of Gsk‐3 shows neuroprotection via reducing the oxidative stress and inflammation in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, and the reports of all the potential agents modulating GSk‐3 activity via different signalling pathways have been summarized to substantiate its effectiveness in cerebral stroke management.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that intranasal administration of exogenous recombinant human Adiponectin significantly attenuated apoptosis which in turn reduced infarct volume and improved neurological deficits, and could represent a therapeutic target for treatment of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

TL;DR: Recent findings on the role of ER stress and the UPR in inflammatory processes leading to synapse failure and memory impairment in AD are explored.

TL;DR: The data suggest a neuroprotective role for FTY720 related to the S1PR/Akt kinase signalling pathways as a beneficial treatment target in planning new PD therapeutic options.

TL;DR: Two novel, brain‐permeable and well tolerated small molecule 1,3,5‐triazine derivatives, the catalytic mTORC1/C2 inhibitor PQR620 and the dual pan‐PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PZR530 have the potential to overcome the disadvantages of rapalogs for treatment of epilepsy and mTORopathies directly connected to mutations in the mTOR signaling cascade.

TL;DR: Data show that food cues acquire greater incentive motivational control in obesity‐susceptible populations prior to the development of obesity, providing support to the idea that enhanced intrinsic incentive motivation may be a contributing factor, rather than a consequence of obesity.

TL;DR: The results indicate that females’ enhanced sensitivity to ketamine during Pro is likely mediated through estradiol acting on ER&agr; and ER&bgr;, leading to greater activation of synaptic plasticity‐related kinases within the PFC and HPC.