Showing papers in "Neuropsychologia in 1993"

TL;DR: The results provide evidence for the involvement of anterior right hemisphere and medial frontal structures in attentional tasks but also indicate that time effects can confound task specific activations.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the frontal lobe and basal ganglia participate differently in the neural substrate of cognitive flexibility, as the corticostriate system appears to mediate reactive flexibility, which may require direct cortical-cortical interactions byThe frontal lobe in order to access knowledge systems with novel strategies that transcend the most common semantic linkages.

TL;DR: While the schizophrenic patients showed poor overall performance on the pursuit rotor and jigsaw learning, their rate of learning on all three procedural tasks was comparable with that of the controls, and implications for the nature of the memory deficit in schizophrenia are discussed.

TL;DR: The level of rCBF was significantly increased in the left pre-frontal cortex during the Tower of London task, and subjects who took more time planning their moves, and less moves to complete a problem had a significantly higher level.

TL;DR: It is suggested that an attentional deficit in left hemispace may result in the underestimation of horizontal extent, which would act in combination with misdirected reaching to determine the magnitude of line bisection errors.

TL;DR: The integrity of the left frontal lobe seems indispensable for normal strategic retrieval and for the suppression of potentially interfering items in verbal memory.

TL;DR: Data contrasting the processing of facial identity from static photographs, and facial expression from static and moving images, in two patients with face processing impairments are reported, indicating the separate encoding of expression from moving and static images.

TL;DR: There are multiple memory impairments in PD which may differentially depend on the clinical severity of the disease, and significant impairments were found in both groups of medicated PD patients and particularly in those patients with more severe clinical symptoms.

TL;DR: A subsequent study provided no evidence that right temporal lobectomy impairs the immediate recognition of these types of visual information, suggesting that the impairments observed after a delay represent a failure of retention or retrieval rather than of encoding.

TL;DR: Memory scores were statistically lower in epileptics than in controls and significant differences were found within each group; children with idiopathic generalized epilepsy had a slight depression of visual memory; and children with left and right temporal lobe epilepsy had marked memory deficits related to hemispheric specialization.

TL;DR: The asymmetric sampling strategy when faces were inspected as compared to vases was due to "internal" factors on the part of the subjects, which was hypothesized to be a left-right asymmetry in hemispheric visual data processing for face stimuli.

TL;DR: A qualitative difference in the influence of normal adult aging and effects of dementia noted in previous studies is suggested; normal aging has only a weak influence on voluntary attention shifts, whereas dementia affects both voluntary and involuntary modes of attention shifting.

TL;DR: Results provide further support for the idea that contralesional limb movements may reduce visual neglect, possibly by activating a poorly attended body schema which in turn activates corresponding areas of extrapersonal space in at least two spatial systems (reaching and far space, respectively).

TL;DR: A functional dissociation of the spatial and object visual systems was produced by selective interference in intact young adults and predicted by current notions of dissociable visual systems in the primate, spatial memory was selectively impaired by a movement discrimination spatial task, whereas object memory was selected by a color discrimination object task.

TL;DR: The results support the idea that imagery arises from activation of a neural substrate shared with perceptual mechanisms, and provides evidence for a right temporal-lobe specialization for this type of auditory imaginal processing.

TL;DR: This patient with damage to the right hemisphere and with left visual neglect was able to perform a covert post-perceptual processing of the neglected stimuli, but could not do so when explicitly requested.

TL;DR: Direct evidence for the involvement of the anterior thalamic nuclei in memory processes emerges from two experiments with rats that examined performance of a spatial test of working memory, delayed nonmatching-to-position, and showed that lesions of the fornix and removal of the hippocampus produced very similar deficits.

TL;DR: It appears that monkeys with hippocampectomy can remember one place after a short delay but not two, since performance on this modified version of spatial delayed response, unlike performance on the classical version with the same delay, is critically dependent on the hippocampus.

TL;DR: M.H.'s retrograde autobiographical memory loss is postulated to be a consequence of the severe impoverishment of episodic memories that must occur when events originally stored multimodally, must be recalled without any visual component.

TL;DR: Analysis of the effects of disease severity showed that performance in all five conditions of the test declined with increasing disease severity, but this did not reach significance for recognition or for naming with phonemic cues.

TL;DR: Experimental studies suggesting that changes in synapse physiology and chemistry are involved in the formation of neural associative representation in hippocampal networks during classical conditioning are reviewed.

TL;DR: In a neuroanatomical study of dyslexia, measurements made of the superior surface of the temporal lobe on MRI scans in a sample of 17 dyslexics and 21 non-dyslexic subjects revealed a significant correlation between Woodcock-Johnson Passage Comprehension scores and posterior SSTL asymmetry, such that those with higher scores had more leftward asymmetry.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the relationship between the attentional system of retrieving from remote memory and of learning new information is qualitatively different.

TL;DR: The behavioral and electrophysiological results support the view that global and local target perception may be mediated by separate brain systems acting, at least initially, in parallel.

TL;DR: It is suggested that in right brain-damaged patients with neglect the position sense deficit has a nonsensory component, related to neglect, which may be affected by optokinetic stimulation.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the prefrontal cortex plays a role in behavioural adaptation to challenging new situations by inhibiting not only ongoing elaborated programmes but also the emergence of previously established automatic programmes.

TL;DR: Results indicated a left half-face bias for all four emotions, supporting the hypothesis of a greater right hemisphere role in emotional perception and suggesting that results obtained with typical chimeric half- face paradigms can be generalized to emotions other than happiness.

TL;DR: Findings show that normal variations in callosum size do not appear to contribute significantly to individual differences in hemispheric specialization, and may be associated with degree of functional interhemispheric inhibition.

TL;DR: The relationship between the efficiency of interhemispheric interactions via the corpus callosum and the speed and accuracy in making comparisons of information simultaneously presented to the right and left visual fields was studied and a strong correlation suggesting that larger bilateral field advantages in reaction time are associated with faster EP-IHTT was found.

TL;DR: The septal area may serve as an interface contributing a specific combination of emotional flavour and evaluating (feedback) judgement to a larger (septo-hippocampal-amygdalar) memory and learning processing network.