Showing papers in "Neuropsychologia in 1998"

TL;DR: Some recent reports suggest that preferred footedness may serve as a more accurate predictor of functional laterality, especially in the left-handed population, and the present study sought to test this claim by selectively recruiting individuals with 'crossed' lateral preferences.

TL;DR: It is concluded that eight-year-olds are superior to younger children in their ability to solve complex problems but have not yet reached adult levels of performance on the most difficult items of the Tower of London and Spatial Working Memory tasks.

TL;DR: What is currently known about the neural structures and processes which are involved in the performance of this task is reviewed and the potential of the antisaccade task for diagnostic purposes is evaluated.

TL;DR: The best indices for discriminating the patient groups, therefore, were phonemic-fluency switching (impaired only with frontal lesions) and semantic- fluency clustering (imPAired onlyWith temporal-lobe lesions).

TL;DR: Patients with lesions either to the right or to the left hippocampus were unimpaired on several memory tasks, including a spatial one, with a 30 min delay, designed to be analogous to the Morris water maze, suggesting that the parahippocampal cortex itself may play an important role in spatial memory.

TL;DR: Motor imagery is a high level process, which, however, manifests itself in the activation of those same cortical circuits that are normally involved in movement execution, which demonstrates that the excitability pattern during motor imagery dynamically mimics that occurring during movement execution.

TL;DR: The results suggest that normal subjects are not aware of signals generated by their own movements, and responses indicated a poor conscious monitoring of motor performance.

TL;DR: Most tests showed significant practice effects, and on some these are substantial enough to compromise comparisons on repeated testing, but on a minority of tests practice effects were counter-intuitive, in that less able showed significantly more gains than more able individuals.

TL;DR: While the results in the first task replicate a robust finding from the neuropsychology of number processing (the "SNARC effect") those in the second task show that extension of the number scale from left to right in representational space cannot be the decisive factor for the observed interaction between hand and number size.

TL;DR: Face processing and facial emotion recognition were investigated in five post-encephalitic people with extensive damage in the region of the amygdala, showing impaired recognition of fear following bilateral temporal lobe damage when this included the amygdala.

TL;DR: The finding that mechanical problem solving is invariably defective in apraxic patients who commit errors with familiar tools is in good accord with clinical observations, as the gravity of their errors goes beyond what one would expect as a mere sequel of loss of access to instruction of use.

TL;DR: It is proposed that object familiarity, and possibly word frequency, reflect the inherent robustness of individual semantic representations to the decay process in terms of both quantity and quality of experience, and is suggested that age-of-acquisition and word frequency predicts naming success.

TL;DR: Assessing relative hand skill as a predictor of verbal, non-verbal, and mathematical ability and reading comprehension at the age of 11 years found females performed better than males, but the relationship torelative hand skill was closely similar for the two sexes.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that right frontal and parietal cortices provide the neuroanatomical location for the modulation of object selection by sustained attention is confirmed, and reports of prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate activation associated with selective responding, and a fronto-parietal-thalamic network associated with sustained attention are confirmed.

TL;DR: P Procedural learning during the serial reaction time task (SRTT) is used as a model of neural plasticity and principles of use of TMS represent principles ofuse that are applicable to studies of cognitive neuroscience in general and exemplify the great potential of T MS in the study of brain and behavior.

TL;DR: The assertion that distinct neural structures mediate semantic and episodic memory retrieval is supported, however, questions regarding the specific roles of left temporal and right frontal cortices during episodicMemory retrieval are raised.

TL;DR: The results indicate that reductions in cluster size on verbal fluency tests are best interpreted as changes in the efficiency of access to lexical and semantic memory stores, consistent with the idea that patterns of cognitive impairment may differ among diseases that result in subcortical dementia.

TL;DR: The view that the P600/SPS as a whole reflects specific syntactic processes appears to be untenable and an alternative interpretation is proposed and the different distributions of the late positive shifts merit further investigation.

TL;DR: The results suggest that hippocampal and parahippocampal gyrus atrophy in AD are related to distinct aspects of the patients' memory impairments, and have implications for current discussions regarding contributions of the hippocampus and the parah Hippocampal Gyrus to memory in the intact human brain.

TL;DR: The results suggest that both the striatum and the cerebellum participate to the automatization process during the late (slow) learning stage of a sequence of finger movements and that these structures also play a role in the neuronal mechanism subserving long-term retention of such a motor sequence behavior.

TL;DR: The findings from Experiment 2 indicate that the processes associated with the recollection of associated pairs are engaged regardless of whether the retrieval of associative information is an explicit task requirement, and shares some of the recollective processes that are engaged by the requirement to retrieve contextual information about a study episode.

TL;DR: There was a highly significant preference for foetuses to move their right arm more than their left arm, 85% exhibiting more right arm than left arm movements, which is likely to be under brain control but is probably of more muscular or spinal determination.

TL;DR: The utility of magnetic-resonance imaging and frameless stereotaxy for planning, monitoring and documenting the location of the TMS coil relative to the subject's brain and two novel methods, based on the combination of TMS with positron emission tomography or with electroencephalography, for the assessment of connectivity and excitability of the human cerebral cortex are described.

TL;DR: The effect of stimulus intensity of auditory stimuli on the BOLD response in the auditory cortex was investigated using echo-planar, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and bifrontal activation supposedly evoked by the auditory-articulary loop of working memory was found.

TL;DR: In this article, the topographic relationship of phosphenes and transient scotomas was investigated using a perimetric approach, where the central visual field (diameter: 20°) was tested at 32 sites.

TL;DR: A patient with a lesion confined largely to the right inferior frontal gyrus was found to be impaired on tests of spatial working memory and executive functioning, but his pattern recognition was good and his selective impairments are consistent with the view that prefrontal cortex contributes to processes involved in spatialWorking memory.

TL;DR: The results suggest that reasoning about syllogisms engages distinct brain mechanisms, depending on the intention to evaluate them deductively versus probabilistically.

TL;DR: Control of autonomic cardiac activity at the level of the cerebral cortex seems to be characterized by a division of responsibility between both hemispheres, sympathetic activity being mainly controlled by the right hemisphere and parasympathetic activity being under the left hemisphere's main control.

TL;DR: In this paper, brain responses to predictable sensory events (tones) and to similar unpredictable events and especially how the processing of predictable sensory event is modified by the context of a causative self-generated action were studied.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that the deficit giving rise to pure alexia is not restricted to orthographic symbols per se but, rather, is a consequence of damage to a more general-purpose visual processing mechanism.