Showing papers in "Peptides in 1998"

TL;DR: The results show that the permeabilities of these two peptides across the blood-brain barrier differed from each other and among brain regions, suggesting that differential permeability of the BBB for blood-borne peptides could provide a mechanism by which their effects on the CNS are regulated.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the AP/NTS region is an important brain site for mediating the anorectic effects of amylin and CGRP.

TL;DR: It is suggested that antiopiates peptides may operate in vivo in this capacity, and the evidence for the antiopiate properties of three peptides is outlined: neuropeptide FF, orphanin FQ/nociceptin, and Tyr-W-MIF-1.

TL;DR: Results show that CRF mediates, at least in part, the 5-HT-induced feeding inhibition in goldfish, and the alterations in hypothalamic indoleamines content evoked by ICV treatments would suggest that the activation of CRF neurons by5-HT appears to inhibit hypothalamic serotoninergic transmission, supporting the intermediate role of this neuropeptide in the central anoretic effect of 5- HT in gold fish.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that the olfactory bulb represents an additional important central nervous system target site where these peptides can act to preserve social recognition responses and suggest that the underlying mechanisms by which peptides function within the ofalactory bulb differ as a function of whether they are involved with the display versus preservation of recognition responses.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that maintenance of rats on high-fat diets reduces sensitivity to some peptide satiety signals, which might contribute to overeating and obesity often observed when rats are maintained on high,fat diets.

TL;DR: It is concluded that catestatin is a potent vasodilator in vivo whose actions appear to be mediated, at least in part, by histamine release and action at H1 receptors.

TL;DR: Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating (PACAP) are members of a family of regulatory peptides that are widely distributed in the body and share numerous biologic actions.

TL;DR: It has been demonstrated that NPY produces not only an anxiolytic effect through Y1-type receptors, but also an anxiogenic effect via Y2- type receptors.

TL;DR: Results indicate that endomorphin-2 is present in primary afferent fibers where it can serve as the endogenous ligand for pre- and postsynaptic mu receptors and as a major modulator of pain perception.

TL;DR: The data support the usefulness of nanoparticles as a method to deliver drugs to the brain by showing that analgesia was observable after intravenously and oral application even when nanoparticles were not coated.

TL;DR: The notion that AngIV exerts a unique influence upon renal hemodynamics via the AT4 receptor subtype is supported, and AngIV-induced elevations in blood flow may be mediated by nitric oxide.

TL;DR: The majority of nerve fibers in the middle meningeal artery and branching arterioles are sympathetic, storing norepinephrine and neuropeptide Y (NPY), and Relaxations were induced by acetylcholine and substance P, and these were significantly reduced in arteries without endothelium, while the responses to norpinephrine, NPY, VIP, PHM, and CGRP were not changed by endothelia removal.

TL;DR: It is proposed that for the corticotrophin-releasing factor-binding protein (CRF-BP), this adds a further level at which hormonal action may be regulated and contrasts with previous concepts of a passive role and shows them as important regulators of hormonal action in their own right.

TL;DR: It is concluded that there is an inverse relationship between gastric emptying of glucose and plasma GLP-1, consistent with the concept thatglucagon-like peptide-1 is a determinant of, rather than determined by, the rate of gastric emptied.

TL;DR: The need to focus on the ratio of FA, especially alpha-linolenic/linoleic acid, which has been shown to be a critical factor in a number of research studies, is addressed.

TL;DR: Findings indicated that UCN and UCN mRNA were widely expressed in the human brain.

TL;DR: A fragment of the rat GH-releasing peptide (GHRP) receptor homologue was cloned and the tissue distribution of GHRP receptor mRNA in rats revealed that G HRP receptor mRNAs were localized predominantly in the arcuate nucleus and ventromedial hypothalamus.

TL;DR: Evidence has been provided that the role of tachykinins, and especially of SP, could become very relevant under paraphysiological or pathological conditions (e.g., ACTH-secreting pituitary tumors), when an excess of steroid-hormone production has to be counteracted.

TL;DR: It is concluded that 1229U91 binds non-selectively with high affinity to both human NPY Y1 and Y4 receptors, while having agonist activity at the NPy Y4 receptor.

TL;DR: It is suggested that a possible function for the FMRFamide-related peptides contained within the endocrine cells and innervation of the midgut of the locust may be in modulating midGut contraction and thereby playing a role in digestion.

TL;DR: Amylin is more potent than CGRP in reducing food intake after administration into the lateral brain ventricle andReceptors in the forebrain may mediate the anorectic effects of both peptides when administered via this route.

TL;DR: The metabolite GLp-1 9-36 amide has no effect on antral motility in pigs but is able to antagonize the inhibitory effect of GLP-1, and an intact N terminus is essential for the gastrointestinal actions of GLF-1.

TL;DR: This paper is the twentieth installment of the annual review of research concerning the opiate system, and summarizes papers published during 1997 that studied the behavioral effects of the opiates peptides and antagonists, excluding the purely analgesic effects, although stress-induced analgesia is included.

TL;DR: Data suggest that at high doses enterostatin and beta-CM1-7 may interact with the same low affinity receptor to modulate intake of dietary fat.

TL;DR: The results suggest an autocrine or paracrine role of PACAP in the regulation of pituitary functions, and partially colocalized with luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormone.

TL;DR: A cholecystokinin (CCK) precursor cDNA of 782 bp was identified from goldfish brain this paper, which contains mono-and di-basic amino acid endoproteolytic cleavage, C-terminal alpha-amidation and tyrosyl sulfation sites.

TL;DR: The data suggest that central GLP-1 may be an important factor controlling negative energy balance in both the lean and obese Zucker rats.

TL;DR: Long-term potentiation (LTP) of field potentials in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA) evoked by brief tetanic stimuli of the LA were observed in horizontal rat brain slices.

TL;DR: HPLC analysis showed that only H with a N-terminal valine or leucine were hydrolyzed, suggesting that these peptides are likely to act as endogenous competitors of Ang IV.