Showing papers in "Physiology & Behavior in 1999"

TL;DR: Self-reported effects of stress on eating behaviour and food were assessed in a brief questionnaire in 212 students and snacking behaviour was reportedly increased by stress in the majority of respondents (73%) regardless of gender or dieting status.

TL;DR: PMD caused long-term changes in the emotional behavior of adult rats of both sexes, although to a differing degree in males and females, whereas it appeared to cause predominantly alterations in the HPA axis response in males, depending on the characteristics of the stressor used.

TL;DR: It is suggested that repetitive pain in neonatal rat pups may lead to an altered development of the pain system associated with decreased pain thresholds during development, and increased plasticity of the neonatal brain may allow these and other changes in brain development to increase their vulnerability to stress disorders and anxiety-mediated adult behavior.

TL;DR: During a variety of challenges, socially and spatially restricted dogs exhibited a heightened state of aggression, excitement, and uncertainty, which may indicate chronic stress in dogs, and can help to identify poor welfare.

TL;DR: Data suggest that bad weather conditions during spacious outdoor group housing induced early stress that attenuated the negative appraisal of the subsequent period of social and spatial restriction, and bitches are not only more susceptible to acute stress, but also to chronic housing stress.

TL;DR: Ethological measures are employed in an attempt to further characterise the relationship between behavioural and CORT responses to this widely used animal model of anxiety and confirm that, relative to home-cage controls, 5-min exposure to the plus-maze significantly increases plasma CORT levels in test-naive male Wistar rats and male Swiss-Webster mice.

TL;DR: Differences in locomotor activity, exploratory, and self-grooming behavior were actually greater between the inbred strains than between the outbred lines, and differences in defecation were not so pronounced.

TL;DR: This testing paradigm eliminates confounding factors related to weight bearing, and offers a simple, objective, and reliable approach to assess mechanical sensitivity in rats, and will facilitate studies on the mechanisms of persistent orofacial pain in animals.

TL;DR: Maternal behaviors were recorded in rats after a 4-h dam-litter separation and intracranial microinfusion of saline on Day 6 postpartum or cis-flupenthixol (FLU), a dopamine (DA) receptor antagonist, on Days 7-9, and duration of pup licking was dose dependently decreased by FLU, the most within the NA, and to a lesser extent within the DMS.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that short (<0.5 s), high-frequency ultrasonic vocalizations ("50-kHz USVs") mark a positive affective state in rats and introduce a novel and rapid marker of pharmacological reward is supported.

TL;DR: The alert macaque offers a reliable neural model for human gustation and the coding of taste quality, as inferred in macaques from the patterns of neural activity elicited by each of greater than 100 stimuli, proved generally faithful to human reports of the perceived qualities of these same tastants.

TL;DR: Children had a lower slope of the psychophysical function of the perceived sweetness intensity of sucrose, and were less well able to discriminate between the different sucrose concentrations than the adolescents, and the adolescents showed a lower sensitivity towards sucrose than the adults.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of individual and grouped housing on social investigation, social contact behavior, and play behavior in adolescent rats tested with low socially active (grouped) and high socially active play partners were investigated.

TL;DR: Pleasantness of foods has an effect on satiation but not on subsequent satiety, and people eat more of a food when they know that they have no access to other foods for a particular amount of time.

TL;DR: The mouse shows a consistent and quantifiable gait that would allow incorporation of locomotor assessment into the evaluation of a number of pathophysiological states, and with previously established data in the rat.

TL;DR: Ingestion of caffeine had no effect on initial mood or working memory, but it did improve encoding of new information and counteracted the fatigue that developed over the test session, confirming previous findings on the effects of breakfast and caffeine.

TL;DR: Results of these experiments indicate that endogenous gonadal hormones can differentially affect performance on tasks of spatial working and spatial reference memory, and that environmental conditions can interact with gonadal hormone to affect behavior.

TL;DR: The results of these studies demonstrate that orosensory stimulation plays an important role in appetite regulation, and indicate that subtle differences in orosENSory stimulation produced by particular nutrients may profoundly influence appetite and gastrointestinal responses.

TL;DR: Assessment of olfaction function in patients with Alzheimer's disease and persons with Down's Syndrome showed significant impairment in olfactory function, with some measures showing more impairment than others in the early stages of the disease process.

TL;DR: The identification of motor dysfunction in Ts65Dn mice may have important consequences for the interpretation of some previous assessments of learning and memory of these animals that assumed intact motor function, and further strengthens the use of this aneuploid mouse strain as a model for DS.

TL;DR: If food intake and nutritional status in the elderly are to optimize, additional basic studies on how changes in chemosensory systems associated with aging affect food selection and intake are required.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that male and female rats use different types of spatial cues when solving maze tasks is supported, and the importance of separating the effects of task variables from possible endogenous sender differences in ability is stressed.

TL;DR: The results confirm that oxygen administration significantly enhances cognitive performance above that seen in the air inhalation condition, and suggest that under periods of cognitive demand a number of physiological responses are brought into play that serve to increase the delivery of metabolic substrates to active neural tissue.

TL;DR: A weekly cyclic regimen of estradiol treatment that produces changes in plasmaEstradiol concentration similar to those in intact cycling rats is sufficient to produce the body weight and meal size patterns that characterize normal hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function.

TL;DR: In this paper, the development of stereotypy was investigated in a 17-week period in a group of wild deer mice, where the mice were either housed in either standard laboratory cages or larger, enriched cages.

TL;DR: The results of this study contribute an important piece to the puzzle of lacking sexual dimorphism in P. verreauxi, probably providing dominant males with ani advantage in sperm competition.

TL;DR: Findings corroborate and extend earlier findings on the role of these hormones in human behavior, giving support to the view that testosterone can be linked to the expression of competitive aggression.

TL;DR: These studies suggest that rats select LCFA from olfactory or gustatory cues that are related to both the carbon chain and carboxylate group.

TL;DR: The display of kyphosis by male voles indicates that the sensorimotor organization of this posture in voles differs from that of lactating rats, which require suckling stimulation for its regulation.

TL;DR: ISO produces dissociable effects on PPI and locomotor activity, with PPI deficits emerging only during or after puberty, and might thus provide a useful noninvasive tool with which to study the neural substrates of delayed-onset sensorimotor gating abnormalities.