Showing papers in "Progress in Lipid Research in 2008"

TL;DR: Analysis of evidence from a wide variety of cross-sectional and intervention studies confirms that fatty acid biomarkers can complement dietary assessment methodologies and have the potential to be used more quantitatively.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors classified polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in n-3 fatty acids and n-6 fatty acids, and in westernized diet the predominant dietary PUFAs are n- 6 fatty acids.

TL;DR: Findings from metabolic and clinical studies reinforce findings from observational studies supporting recommendations to replace saturated and trans fat with unsaturated fat in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

TL;DR: The current state of knowledge of the biochemistry and molecular genetics of polyacetylenic secondary metabolic pathways will be presented together with an up-to-date survey of new terrestrial and marine natural products, their known biological activities, and a discussion of their likely metabolic origins.

TL;DR: Low-carbohydrate diets are grounded in basic metabolic principles and the data suggest that some form of carbohydrate restriction is a candidate to be the preferred dietary strategy for cardiovascular health beyond weight regulation.

TL;DR: The data reported in the present review provide evidence that cationic lipids are not just carriers for molecular delivery into cells but do modify cellular pathways and stimulate immune or anti-inflammatory responses.

TL;DR: This review traces the evolution of the 'Oxysterol Hypothesis', which asserted that the suppressive effect of cholesterol on its own synthesis is mediated not by cholesterol itself, but by oxygenated forms of cholesterol, so called oxysterols.

TL;DR: This review deals with the most recent findings on the antimalarial, antimycobacterial, and antifungal properties of fatty acids, with particular emphasis on novel marine fatty acids.

TL;DR: The function of bioactive lipids as dietary adiponectin inducers (dietary insulin sensitizers) deserves attention with respect to alleviation of metabolic syndrome by dietary manipulation.

TL;DR: The objective of this review is to summarise the current understanding of the biological effects, next to identifying future research needs that will help to clarify the possible impact of oxyphytosterols on human health.

TL;DR: The coordinate pathways of non-polar lipid synthesis, storage and mobilization in yeast with special emphasis on the role of the different enzymes and organelles involved in these processes are described.

TL;DR: Evidence that sterols can form stoichiometric complexes with certain bilayer phospholipids, and sphingomyelin in particular, appear to be the basis for the formation of condensed and ordered liquid phases, (micro)domains and/or rafts in both artificial and biological membranes is reviewed.

TL;DR: The overall evidence accumulated about diet, disease and death may be nearing a paradigm shift in which prior observed facts remain while beliefs about their accepted interpretation change as discussed by the authors, which convey incomplete knowledge in oversimplified messages.

TL;DR: The practical steps that have been developed for the isolation of membranes and the lipids there from, their storage, separation, detection and identification by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry are described.

TL;DR: Lipid transporters of bacteria and plants have been discovered and their study begins to provide detailed mechanistic insights into lipid trafficking phenomena relevant to chloroplast biogenesis.

TL;DR: Leukotrienes, and particularly LTB(4), have also been implicated in bone remodeling and disease-specifically in rheumatoid arthritis and recent studies from the laboratory have shown that platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor-deficient mice develop only mild osteoporosis.

TL;DR: Despite a lack of well-defined receptor signal transduction mechanisms and sparse pharmacological data, several key characteristics of SPC are now emerging and can act as a mitogen in several different cell types and in certain circumstances, may also be a pro-inflammatory mediator.

TL;DR: The metabolic system that coordinates sphingolipid synthesis with the l-serine synthetic pathway between neurons and glia is discussed and the crucial roles of the metabolic conversion of l-Serine to sphingoipids in neuronal development and survival are discussed.

TL;DR: The expression in yeast has revealed that the human CTPS1-encoded enzyme is also phosphorylated and regulated by protein kinases A and C, and these phosphorylations stimulate CTP synthetase activity and increase cellular CTP levels and the utilization of the Kennedy pathway.

TL;DR: New and emerging roles for acyl-CoA thioesterases and acyltransferases in assisting with the oxidation of various lipids, amidation of lipids for excretion from peroxisomes, and in controlling coenzyme A levels in perox isomes are focused on.

TL;DR: Research has identified the transcription factors Sp1, Rb, TEF4, Ets-1 and E2F as enhancing the expression of the cytidylyltransferase and Net as a factor that represses cytidylcholine expression.

TL;DR: The research area of fish oils and aggression/hostility is clearly important from the medical and social points of view, and activation of the serotonergic neuron system is the most promising.

TL;DR: X-ray crystallographic localization of glycerolipids revealed that they are present at functionally and structurally important sites of both the PS I and PS II reaction centres, including the formation of functionally active oligomers of the reaction centres both PS Iand PS II.

TL;DR: This review will look at the novel compounds that have been synthesised recently through various methodologies including classical lipid synthesis as well as the innovative application of organometallic chemistry.

TL;DR: This review has made an attempt to bring together the large body of evidence supporting a major role for lipids in membrane fusion either directly or indirectly.

TL;DR: It is hoped that a better understanding of these oxygenase reactions, particularly the ALA2 strain, will allow for realistically priced production of target multiple-oxygenated compounds with potential uses as specialty chemicals or as therapeutic agents.