Showing papers in "Progress in Oceanography in 1995"

TL;DR: In this paper, seasonal cycles of photic depth, primary production and accumulation (or loss) of algal biomass were obtained from the climatological CZCS chlorophyll field and other data, together with mixed layer depths, which can be grouped into eight models.

TL;DR: In this paper, a preliminary assessment is made of coastal-trapped waves, along-slope currents, instability and meanders; eddies; upwelling, fronts and filaments; downwelling and cascading; tides, surges; internal tides and waves as potentially influential processes in ocean-shelf exchange, water-mass structure and general circulation, according to their scales and context.

TL;DR: In this paper, a large-scale dataset of 144,000 hydrographic stations in the North Atlantic has been retrieved from the national Oceanic Data Centre and analyzed to produce maps of mean pressure, temperature, salinity and oxygen on selected potential density surfaces for the domain bounded by 0°−85°W and 0° −65°N.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used salinity, H218O, and mass balances to estimate the river runoff and the sea-ice melt water fractions contained in the upper waters of the Arctic Ocean and infer pathways of the river-runoff signal from the shelf seas across the central Arctic Ocean to Fram Strait.

TL;DR: In this article, a second-order auto-regressive (AR) model is used to detect horizontal wave propagation in the presence of dissipation, and the covariance matrices are computed at each 5° latitude by 10° longitude location from approximately 30°S − 60°N at depths of 0m, 200m, 400m from temperature anomalies about the mean annual cycle for the 13 years from 1979-1991.

TL;DR: In this article, the design and operation of twenty-seven known autonomous benthic chamber and profiling lander instruments is reviewed and evaluated, and a detailed comparison of the different existing lander designs and their relative strengths and weaknesses are discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the intensity and location of upwelling in the Benguela Current Upwelling System off Namibia changed significantly during the last 70,000 years, indicating that this accumulation responded to changes in the precession index; at these times monsoons would have been weakest and Trade Winds strongest.

TL;DR: The significant relationship between meiofaunal density and the ratio of labile organic matter/total organic matter indicates that deep-sea meioFauna inhabiting an extremely oligotrophic environment (such as the Eastern Mediterranean) may be more nutritionally dependent upon the quality than on the quantity of sedimentary organic matter.

TL;DR: In this article, a multivariate analysis of AXBT, CTD and ADCP data collected during the mesoscale experiment FE-91 (May 22 - June 2, 1991) is presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the dynamical processes of transport from, and immediately below, the sea surface, particularly those which involve convergence and the separation of flow, and which result in the renewal of surface water at horizontal scales ranging from millimeters to hundreds of meters.

TL;DR: In this paper, multi-tracer data sets collected in the Greenland/Norwegian seas and the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean in the 1970s and 1980s are used, together with temperature and salinity, to constrain box model calculations of the deep water formation rates in Greenland Sea and the Europe Basin of Arctic Ocean, and estimate the exchange rates of deep waters (depth ≥ 1,500m) between the Greenland and Europe.

TL;DR: Free Enthalpy, the GIBBS thermodynamic potential G(S,t,p) of seawater, has been recomputed including the sound speed equation of Del Grosso (1974), temperatures of maximum density (TMD) of Caldwell (1978), freezing point depression measurements of Doherty and Kester (1974, rederived limiting laws and ice properties, and an extended set of dilution heat data of Bromley (1968) and Millero, Hansen and Hoff (1973).

TL;DR: It was generally found that the finer the taxonomic analysis of the plankton, the better it could be related to the horizontal distribution patterns of the North Sea current regime.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the life strategy of the small calanoid copepod Stephos longipes in the eastern Weddell Sea during four expeditions (January/February 1985, August 1986, October/December 1986 and April/May 1992).

TL;DR: The distribution of tritium 3 He, 14C and 39Ar observed in the period between 1985 and 1987 in the Greenland/Norwegian Seas and the Nansen Basin of the Arctic Ocean are presented in this article.

TL;DR: In this article, a three dimensional hydrodynamic model, using a sigma coordinate grid in the vertical, with subgrid scale diffusion represented using a range of turbulence energy closure schemes, is used to examine M 2 tidal elevations and currents in the Irish Sea.

TL;DR: In this paper, the potential of the North Atlantic as a sink for atmospheric CO2 was investigated by studying the carbonic system using data obtained during the spring of 1991, and the air-sea flux was related to chlorophyll and other environmental variables, and regeneration of carbon in the mid-ocean was studied by examining vertical sections representative of the study area.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the behavior of the global thermohaline circulation, its stability, and its response to climatic changes under various surface thermohaaline conditions, in a global Bryan/Cox ocean general circulation model with realistic bathymetry and geometry.