Showing papers in "Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria in 2013"

TL;DR: The BDI-II is a relevant psychometric instrument, showing high reliability, capacity to discriminate between depressed and non-depressed subjects, and improved concurrent, content, and structural validity.

TL;DR: The present review revisited the main rodent models of anxiety and stress responses used worldwide and addressed the main protocols used to induce stress responses in rodents, including psychosocial (social defeat and neonatal isolation stress), physical (restraint stress), and chronic unpredictable stress.

TL;DR: This study aims to evaluate animal models of depression and determine which has the best face, construct, and predictive validity.

TL;DR: The diagnostic criteria, key areas for assessment by clinicians, specific scales and instruments for assessment, and discussion of evidence-based treatment programs and the role of specific drug therapies for symptom management are summarized.

TL;DR: Religiosity was found to be a strongly protective factor against drug use among Brazilian university students, however, more studies are needed to identify the mechanisms by which religiosity exerts this protective influence.

TL;DR: The challenge in BD treatment is translating the knowledge of neuronal plasticity and neurobiology into clinical practice, given that early and late stages of the disorder appear to present different biological features and therefore may require different treatment strategies.

TL;DR: The purpose of this review is to present the main animal models for AD, PD, and Huntington's disease.

TL;DR: The uncompensated labor of family caregivers is associated with substantial objective and subjective burden worldwide, and it is vital to develop effective interventions that support family caregivers.

TL;DR: The overall results point to the presence of an association between BD and MS, as well as between their subcomponents.

TL;DR: The results provide support for the hypothesis that the PANAS reliably measures two distinct dimensions of positive and negative affect, and attest the validity of the Brazilian adaptation of the instrument.

TL;DR: In vitro models of neurodegenerative disorders in mammalian cells and tissues are discussed to provide important insights about the pathogenesis of these disorders and represent an interesting approach for the screening of potential pharmacological agents.

TL;DR: The present review seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of traditional and recent animal models, recapitulating different features and the possible pathologic mechanisms of mood disorders emulated by these models.

TL;DR: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the Richmond Compulsive Buying Scale has good validity and reliability, indicating that it is suitable to be used in the assessment and diagnosis of compulsive buying disorder, as it presents psychometric validity.

TL;DR: Two main components of the debate regarding irritability in youth are addressed: the misdiagnosis of chronic irritability as pediatric bipolar disorder, and the proposal of a new diagnosis in the DSM-5, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, whose defining symptoms are chronic irritable behaviour and temper outbursts.

TL;DR: It was revealed that depressed and anxious women of preterm infants were younger, less educated, had a lower body weight and low household income than non-depressed and non-anxious women.

TL;DR: The characterization of persistent and/or progressive cognitive deficits over time is a better approach for identification of cases at the pre-dementia stages, particularly if these cognitive abnormalities are consistent with the natural history of incipient Alzheimer's disease.

TL;DR: OCD is underdiagnosed in adolescents, and few are treated, and future studies should investigate the relationship between OCS and the onset of OCD.

TL;DR: Nearly one-quarter of athletes showed disordered eating behaviors, which was associated with body image dissatisfaction, among male athletes in high risk sports for eating disorders.

TL;DR: Current advances and challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD are described, and the efficacy and safety of short-term pharmacological treatments across the life cycle is well studied.

TL;DR: The face, construct, and predictive validity of classical animal models for studying the efficacy and side effects of compounds for the treatment of schizophrenia are discussed, which may contribute to the development of more safe and efficacious antipsychotic drugs.

TL;DR: A high proportion of Brazilian college students may be engaging in polydrug use, and college administrators should keep themselves informed to be able to identify such use and to develop educational interventions to prevent such behavior.

TL;DR: Repeated AMPH administration increases HDAC activity in the PFC without altering BDNF levels, and the partial reversal of HDAC increase by Li, VPT, and SB may account for their ability to reverse AMPH-induced hyperactivity.

TL;DR: In pregnancy, negative affect was a predictor of postpartum depression, whereas positive affect showed a protective role, and future studies are required to explore whether psychotherapeutic strategies focusing on decreasing negative affect and enhancing positive affect in the last trimester of pregnancy can reduce the risk of post partum depression.

TL;DR: Current evidence suggests that bacterial CNS infections can play a role in the etiopathogenesis of behavioral disorders by increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and bacterial virulence factors.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the effects of ketamine on behavior and BDNF levels are related to the time at which they were evaluated after administration of the drug.

TL;DR: Male patients with DSM-IV BD were more likely to have alcohol use disorders, diabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia, whereas female patients showed higher prevalence of abdominal obesity.

TL;DR: Clinical aspects of the current knowledge on mood disorders in the pediatric population are highlighted, presenting updated information on epidemiology, diagnostic procedures, and management strategies.

TL;DR: Considering that metabolism impairment is certainly involved in the pathophysiology of mood disorders, the modulation of energy metabolism by CBD could be an important mechanism implicated in the action of CBD.

TL;DR: This narrative review of the literature is to guide clinicians in understanding the biology of anxiety disorders and to provide general guidelines for the proper diagnoses and treatment of these conditions early in life.