Showing papers in "Science and Technology of Advanced Materials in 2018"

TL;DR: A comprehensive review is given on the principles and advances in the development of thermoelectric materials suitable for energy harvesting power generation, ranging from organic and hybrid organic–inorganic to inorganic materials.

TL;DR: Details of graphene structure, including sp2 hybridization, critical parameters of the unit cell, formation of σ and π bonds, electronic band structure, edge orientations, and the number and stacking order of graphene layers are presented.

TL;DR: The development of key 3D printing technologies and new materials along with composites for soft robotic applications is investigated and a brief summary of 3D-printed soft devices suitable for medical to industrial applications is included.

TL;DR: This research direction is reviewed, with a focus on the results obtained within a Japan–French cooperation program, NextPV, working on promising solar cell technologies, focused on efficient photovoltaic devices, such as multijunction, ultrathin, intermediate band, and hot-carrier solar cells.

TL;DR: A perspective detailing the current state-of-the-art technologies for the characterisation of nanoparticles (NPs) in liquid suspension is presented and it is hoped that the manuscript will assist scientists in selecting the appropriate technology for characterising their materials and enabling them to comply with regulatory agencies’ demands for accurate and reliable NP size and concentration data.

TL;DR: In this paper, a nearly fully dense grade 300 maraging steel was fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing with optimum laser parameters, and different heat treatments were elaborately applie...

TL;DR: Criteria for the possible replacement of lead by less toxic elements are outlined, and current research progress in the application of low-lead halide perovskites as optically active materials in solar cells are highlighted.

TL;DR: The mechanical properties of the SLM-produced tungsten are comparable to that produced by the conventional fabrication methods, with hardness values exceeding 460 HV0.05 and an ultimate compressive strength of about 1 GPa, which offers new potential applications of refractory metals in additive manufacturing.

TL;DR: An overview of opto-electronic characterization techniques for solar cells including light-induced charge extraction by linearly increasing voltage, impedance spectroscopy, transient photovoltage, charge extraction and more is presented.

TL;DR: The breath figure method has attracted considerable interest because it is simple and applicable to a wide variety of materials as discussed by the authors, which is used to form porous films from water droplet templates.

TL;DR: This work gives a methodology for the independent control of electron and phonon transport using nanostructured materials that can bring the realization of thermoelectric Si-based materials that are compatible with large scale integrated circuit processing technologies.

TL;DR: Mg implants enabled bone healing, although complications of wound breakdown and osteolytic lesions developed, and the implants released gas with variable volumes and composition, with no long-term toxic effects on the surrounding tissue.

TL;DR: A synthetic review of recent works reporting or proposing so-called optical management approaches for improving the efficiency of perovskite solar cells, including the use of anti-reflection coatings at the front substrate surface and the design of optical cavities integrated within the device.

TL;DR: The mathematical model for BC water loss may allow the optimisation of these properties for an intended application and may be extendable for other conditions and purposes.

TL;DR: The young history of sputtering onto a liquid features great achievements in the green production of various metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and nanoclusters (NCs) as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: The produced MnAlC/PE materials will serve as precursors for an efficient and scalable design and fabrication of end-products by different processing techniques (polymerized cold-compacted magnets and 3D-printing, respectively) in view of technological applications.

TL;DR: The efficiency of conventional CdTe solar cells is increased, mostly due to an increase in the short-circuit current density caused by a combination of lower band gap and a better interface between the absorber and window layer, despite a loss in the open-circuits voltage caused by the lowerBand gap and reduced charge carrier concentration.

TL;DR: The development of internal stimuli-responsive nanoparticles is highlighted for precision drug delivery applications, with a particular focus on in vivo imaging, drug release performance, and therapeutic benefits.

TL;DR: Efficient cells with narrow bandgap absorbers are obtained, yielding the high current density necessary for thin film multi-junction solar cells.

TL;DR: Refractive indices for all layers in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells with high efficiency are presented, and an expression for the absorption spectrum is proposed, with Ga and Cu compositions as parameters.

TL;DR: In this article, a hole-transporter-free carbon perovskite solar cell structure incorporating a triple mesoscopic layer has emerged as a possible frontrunner for early industrialization.

TL;DR: This manuscript reviews some major findings on the impact of HPT process on the hydrogen storage performance of different titanium-based and magnesium-based materials.

TL;DR: The results showed that the increase of sintering temperature significantly enhanced the compressive strength and the scaffolds sintered at higher sintered temperature stimulated the adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteogenic-related gene expression of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells.

TL;DR: It is revealed that convex bending has a positive effect on battery capacity showing an average increase of 5.5%, whereas concave bending decreases the capacity by 4% in contrast with recent studies.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the recent advances in the chemistry of π-electron systems containing Si=Si double bonds, mainly published in the last decade, and the synthesis, characterization, and potential application of a variety of donor-free ρ-conjugated disilene compounds.

TL;DR: This study proposes a miniaturized planar Si-nanowire micro-thermoelectric generator (SiNW-μTEG) architecture, which could be simply fabricated using the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor–compatible process and reduces the parasitic thermal resistance by optimizing the fabrication process of AlN films as a thermally conductive layer.

TL;DR: The emergence of soft energy devices provides new possibilities for various applications, however, it also creates significant challenges in the selection of structural design and material compatibility as discussed by the authors, which is a challenge for many applications.

TL;DR: This work compares the GII and total energy of typical ABO3-type perovskite oxides and rationalizes their relationship, proposing that the criteria for empirically unstable structures (GII > 0.2 valence unit) correspond to the difference in totalEnergy of 50–200 meV per formula unit.

TL;DR: This review focuses on 2D free-standing group-IV graphene analogs and the functionalization of these sheets with organic moieties and the present results and future opportunities, functions and applications, and novel device concepts.

TL;DR: First principle molecular dynamics demonstrated that at elevated temperatures the surface oxygen vacancies are essential for the oxygen reduction reaction.