Showing papers in "Toxicological Sciences in 2003"

TL;DR: Results show that, for the test conditions described here and on an equal-weight basis, if carbon nanotubes reach the lungs, they are much more toxic than carbon black and can be more Toxic than quartz, which is considered a serious occupational health hazard in chronic inhalation exposures.

TL;DR: Results from the lung histopathology component of the study indicated that pulmonary exposures to quartz particles produced dose-dependent inflammatory responses, concomitant with foamy alveolar macrophage accumulation and lung tissue thickening at the sites of normal particle deposition.

TL;DR: It is indicated that in utero exposure to PFOS severely compromised postnatal survival of neonatal rats and mice, and caused delays in growth and development that were accompanied by hypothyroxinemia in the surviving rat pups.

TL;DR: The potential of environmental phthalate monoesters for activation of rodent and human PPARs is demonstrated and may help to elucidate the molecular basis for the adverse health effects proposed to be associated with humanphthalate exposure.

TL;DR: Both maternal and developmental toxicity of PFOS are demonstrated in the rat and mouse, with a host of birth defects, including cleft palate, anasarca, ventricular septal defect, and enlargement of the right atrium seen.

TL;DR: The results suggest that BPA and NP affect multiple steps of the activation and function of AR, thereby inhibiting the binding of native androgens to AR, AR nuclear localization, AR interaction with its coregulator, and its subsequent transactivation.

TL;DR: The articles highlighted in this issue are "Pulmonary Toxicity of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes in Mice 7 and 90 Days after Intratracheal Instillation" and "Comparative Pulmonary Toxicology Assessment of single-Wall carbon Nanot tubes in Rats".

TL;DR: These findings challenge the long-standing belief in the primacy of the threshold model in toxicology (and other areas of biology involving dose-response relationships) and provide strong support for the hormetic-like biphasic dose- response model characterized by a low-dose stimulation and a high-dose inhibition.

TL;DR: It is shown that the highly brominated PBDE 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-decaBDE (PBDE 209) can be absorbed during neonatal life and induce developmental neurotoxic effects in adult mice, effects that also worsen with age.

TL;DR: This study characterizes several hepatic in vitro systems based on mRNA expression profiles, comparing them to gene expression in liver tissue, and indicates that liver slices exhibit the strongest similarity to liver tissue regarding mRNA expression, whereas the two cell lines are quite different from the whole liver.

TL;DR: Results demonstrate that zfAHR2 mediates several endpoints of TCDD developmental toxicity in zebrafish, and most strikingly, zfahr2 morphants exposed to T CDD never developed edema.

TL;DR: A number of processes may result in nonlinearity of the dose-response relationships for acrylamide carcinogenicity in the low-dose region, including detoxication reactions, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis, and immune surveillance, so the true risk levels related to acrieslamide intake may be considerably lower.

TL;DR: Downregulation of most of the genes in the T biosynthetic pathway confirms and extends previous findings and supports altered cholesterol metabolism and transport as a potential mechanism for decreased T synthesis following exposure to DBP.

TL;DR: A relationship between metabolic events in APAP toxicity and the upregulation of NO, and IL-1b is suggested and covalent binding per se does not appear to be a toxic event in the development of toxicity.

TL;DR: Functional assays suggest that Nrf2 is not likely to be a direct downstream target of activated MAPK in vivo, however, treatment of HepG2 cells with MAPK inhibitors prior to exposure to PDTC, reduced NRF2 translocation to the nucleus, suggesting that MAPK-directed phosphorylation is a requirement for nuclear localization during PDTC induction of GCLM gene expression.

TL;DR: The need for parameters other than acetylcholinesterase activity to monitor for chronic consequences of chronic low-dose OP exposure is reinforced, and it suggests that subjects have not only transient motor and psychiatric consequences while exposed, but may also develop enduring extrapyramidal symptoms.

TL;DR: LPO does not appear to be a critical event in AAP-induced hepatotoxicity, as indicated by a 32-fold increase in malondialdehyde levels, extensive staining for 4-hydroxynonenal, and ALT activities.

TL;DR: The data indicate that the UV filters Bp-3 and HMS possess antiandrogenic activity in vitro in addition to estrogenic activity.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that double-stranded, RNA-activated protein kinase R (PKR) is a critical upstream mediator of the ribotoxic stress response induced by the trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON) and other translational inhibitors is tested and results indicate that PKR plays acritical upstream role in the Ribotoxic Stress response inducible by translational inhibitor.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that capsaicinoids contained in pepper spray products produce airway inflammation and cause respiratory epithelial cell death, and both pathways are initiated by TRPV1.

TL;DR: Research on the site and mechanism of endocrinedisrupting chemicals that have the potential to have a significant impact on human health and research on obesity, which is known to seriously impact human health, are brought together.

TL;DR: VT first activated MAPKs in vivo and either concurrently (AP-1, C/EBP, CREB, NF-kappaB) modulated binding activities of transcription factors specific for potential regulatory motifs in cytokine promoters, providing a novel model for studying the interrelationship of MAPK phosphorylation, transcription factor activation, and cytokine gene expression in an intact animal exposed to a toxic compound.

TL;DR: Data indicate that FB1 alters the proliferation and the barrier function of intestinal cells, and the effects of FB1 on the integrity of the barrier formed by the intestinal epithelium may have implications for humans and animals consuming FB1-contaminated food or feed.

TL;DR: The data are consistent with the hypothesis that pine pulp-derived phytosteroids in the paper mill effluent accumulate in river sediment where they are converted by microbes into progesterone and this into androstenedione and other bioactive steroids.

TL;DR: What started out as a hypothesis has become one of the biggest testing programs conceived in the history of toxicology and the only one that has ever been based on mechanism of action as its premise.

TL;DR: DNA microarray analyses provide a molecular basis for interpretation of OTA-induced nephrotoxicity and demonstrate that microarray data derived from the proximal tubule cell (PTC) culture model were highly comparable to the in vivo situation.

TL;DR: Induction of metallothionein levels were negatively correlated with sensitivity to etoposide-induced apoptosis, suggesting that MT may play a role in regulating apoptosis and that modulating MT expression may provide a strategy for altering cellular resistance to chemotherapeutic compounds.

TL;DR: It is shown, using a quantitative stereological technique, that 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) substantially reduces the capacity for embryonic brain development, causing a 30% reduction in total neuronal number in the 168-h larval brain.

TL;DR: An international blind trial designed to apply a predictive model to calculate the human maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for 20 drugs and confirms that the model can be considered scientifically validated in this study, suggesting promising applications to other areas of research in developing validated hematotoxicological in vitro methods.

TL;DR: DBP induces lesions in the reproductive system of the rabbit, with the intrauterine period being the most sensitive stage of life.