Showing papers in "Toxin Reviews in 2017"
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services1, University of Catania2, Semnan University3, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences4, Iran University of Medical Sciences5, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences6, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences7, Golestan University8, Babol University of Medical Sciences9
TL;DR: Since THQ and TTHQ were either lower than 1 value, therefore, consumers were not exposed to carcinogenic risk by consumption of rice cultivated in Iran.
Abstract: Rice (Oryza sativa) is the second cereal consumed in Iran. Many studies have been carried out in Iran about the contamination of rice by environmental pollutants such as heavy metals. The aim of pr...
105 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the extent of metal levels of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) in edible muscles of common kilka at Babolsar and Amirabad coastal regions from the southern basin of Caspian Sea.
Abstract: This study evaluated the extent of metal levels of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) in edible muscles of common kilka at Babolsar and Amirabad coastal regions from the southern basin of Caspian Sea. These values were compared with the WHO and the UNFAO safety standards regarding the amount of the abovementioned heavy metals in fish tissues (mg/kg w.w.). Results showed that Zn concentrations were highest among the trace elements examined, while concentrations of Hg were generally the lowest in the analyzed tissues. In the other hand, the accumulation of these elements was not significantly different between coastal regions (p > 0.05). While accumulation of Cu and Mn at edible muscles of Clupeonella cultriventris were significant difference between two coastal regions (p Cu > Cr > Cd > Ni > Mn > Pb > Hg. Furthermore, Pearson correlatio...
85 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review was established in order tracing the metals concentrations in the muscle of fished shrimps from the Persian Gulf as well as conducting the health risk assessment.
Abstract: Although, several benefits can be offered by the consumption of marine products, the heavy metals bioaccumulation inside of their body can put the health of consumers at a high level of risk. In this context, however, the Persian Gulf contentedly is polluted by waste water, solid waste and petroleum activities residues, due to an increasing trend in consumption of fished aquatic organisms such as fish and shrimp, the safety of marine products is a source of concern. The current review was established in order tracing the metals concentrations in the muscle of fished shrimps from the Persian Gulf as well as conducting the health risk assessment. The reviewed literature was based on the internal and external databases. According to the results of 23 studies, the maximum and minimum heavy metals concentrations were determined as Zn (8.56 ± 34.68 μg/g) and Hg (0.08 ± 0.04 μg/g), respectively. Moreover, the heavy metal levels in the 32.5% of studies were higher than premiered limit by the WHO/FDA guide...
66 citations
TL;DR: Since TTHQ for all ages were less than 1, the consumers are not exposed to the non-carcinogenic risk by the heavy metals in the bottled water.
Abstract: Recently, the exposure to heavy metals from bottled waters raised huge concerns. In this context, for the first time the risk of non-carcinogenic exposure by the heavy metals in Iranian drinking water was assessed. Therefore, by using the obtained data in our previous published study, the target hazard quotient (THQ) and total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) by considering to the sexuality of consumers were calculated. THQ in females were determined as significantly higher (p Pb > Hg > Cd > Cu, respectively. The minimum and maximum of THQ for the males were observed in age groups of +65 and 1–3 years, respectively. The minimum and maximum of THQ for females were noted in age groups of 11–14 and 1–3 years, respectively. Since TTHQ for all ages were less than 1 (p < .05), the consumers are not exposed to the non-carcinogenic risk by the heavy metals in the bottled water.
57 citations
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services1, University of Catania2, Semnan University3, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences4, Golestan University5, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences6, Iran University of Medical Sciences7, Qom University of Medical Sciences8, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences9
TL;DR: Except Mazandaran province, in other provinces both males and females, for all age groups, were not exposed to significant risks by non-carcinogenic exposure of CHCl3 in drinking water (THQ <1).
Abstract: Long-term intake of water with high content of trihalomethanes (THMs) such as chloroform (CHCl3) is hazardous for human health. Some studies have shown that clinical effects of THMs in drinking water may be yet observed to doses lower to standard limit. In our study, we performed a meta-analysis to assess both the mean concentration of CHCl3 in Iranian drinking water and the relative health effects by long-term exposure to safe dose of CHCl3 in the male and female age groups and in female categories. We applied the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) for the evaluation of the noncarcinogenic risk of CHCl3. Meta-analysis (14 studies) showed that the average concentration of CHCl3 was 24 µg/l (95%CI:18.1–30.1 µg/l), I2 = 99.88, p non-pregnant and non-lactating females age 4–15 (0.071) > pregnant (0.071) > lactating (0.043). The THQ in the females was higher than males, non-significantly (p >.05). Except Mazandaran province, in other provinces both males and females, for all age groups, were not exposed to significant risks by non-carcinogenic exposure of CHCl3 in drinking water (THQ <1). © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
44 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of the outdoor air in Ahvaz, southwest Iran using active sampling system during the warm and cold seasons of 2016.
Abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the main components of urban air pollution. The level of concentration PAHs and effects are depended on seasonal variations and amount of exposure to PAHs. Nowadays, PAHs are one of the important pollutants that threat the public health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of the outdoor air in Ahvaz, southwest Iran using active sampling system during the warm and cold seasons of 2016. Data collection was performed daily during the study period in three stations in Ahvaz citizens at industrial, high traffic and residential areas. Omni sampler and equipped with PTFE filters (8*10) were utilized for sampling in this study. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were utilized for detection of PAHs concentration (ngm−3). Statistical SPSS software (SPSS version 16) was used to determine the effects of PAHs during warm and cold season. According to result this study, the industrial and residential ar...
41 citations
TL;DR: Water resources pollution by uncontrolled usage of pesticides is one of the most critical health and environmental problems as mentioned in this paper. However, to protect the ecosystems and to design strategy plans, it is e...
Abstract: Water resources pollution by uncontrolled usage of pesticides is one of the most critical health and environmental problems. However, to protect the ecosystems and to design strategy plans, it is e...
38 citations
TL;DR: The results show that the amount of DNA damage in WS fraction and solvent-extractable organic samples is significantly higher than the control group and the increase in concentration significantly contributes to increase in the amount-of- DNA damage.
Abstract: The main aim of the present study is to investigate the physicochemical characterization of water-soluble extract (WS) and organic extract (OE) of PM2.5 ambient in Tehran city air in order to evaluate the genotoxicity effects and the potential attribution to these effects. The lung epithelial cells (A549) were exposed to WS and OE, while Comet assays were conducted to analyze the genotoxicity. The results show that the amount of DNA damage in WS fraction and solvent-extractable organic samples is significantly higher than the control group and the increase in concentration significantly contributes to increase in the amount of DNA damage.
31 citations
TL;DR: Cardamom essential oil has high potential in controlling TLM, especially in protected areas, and chemical composition and insecticidal activities of the essential oil of E. cardamomum showed that oil is toxic to T. absoluta.
Abstract: Tuta absoluta is one of the key pests of Solanaceae family in the world. This insect is an oligophagous pest and its larva causes damage on the host plants by feeding on leaf, stem and fruit of the...
31 citations
TL;DR: CPF is acute toxic for Caspian trout and caused histopathological changes in liver, gill and kidney, according to the main objective of this study.
Abstract: The main objective of this study was to survey the acute and sublethal effect of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius). Toxicity tests were performed for the determination of 96 h median lethal concentration (96hLC50). For this purpose, nominal concentrations of CPF including 0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mgL− 1. The 96hLC50 value of CPF was 0.026 mgL−1. The sublethal effect was determined on the basis of acute toxicity, hematological effects, biochemical plasma profile, behavioral and histopathological changes. The experimental group exposed to CPF at nominal concentration of 0.0026 mgL−1 (10% 96hLC50) for 30 days showed significant changes in hematological and biochemical profiles and caused histopathological changes in liver, gill and kidney. Based on these data, CPF is acute toxic for Caspian trout.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) method for the presence of toxic heavy metals in refined and unrefined edible salt produced in Iran.
Abstract: A heavy metal is any relatively dense metal that may be potentially toxic in a variety of foods. Heavy metals pollute and contaminate foods. These metals are usually toxic to human body. Heavy metals are the most important toxic metals which may cause health risks following the consumption of contaminated foods. The edible salt (NaCl) is a substance that has been used as a food additive since ancient times. Twenty samples of refined and unrefined edible salts produced in Iran were analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) method for the presence of toxic heavy metals. The precision of the analysis was assured through the repeated analysis of the samples. The mean (±standard deviation) concentrations of toxic metals in dried samples of rock salt were as follows: Ni (1.870 ± 0.850), Cd (0.328 ± 0.143), Mn (0.184 ± 0.230) and Co (3.124 ± 0.880) mg/kg and in dry weights of samples obtained from Urmia market: Ni (1.982 ± 0.021), Cd (2.461 ± 0.036), Mn (0.192 ± 0.028) and Co (8.450 ± 0....
TL;DR: Onion showed a significant remedy effect on sperm parameters and also leads to increases in the number of Leydig cells, and in group 4, ONION with antioxidant properties can modify these effects.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Permethrin on the testes of adult Wistar rats, and evaluate the efficacy of Onion juice supplementation. The male rats were divided into five groups: I: control; II: DMSO (0/5 ml); III: Permethrin (35 mg/kg) in 0/5 ml DMSO; IV: Permethrin (35 mg/kg) + Onion (3 ml); V: onion (3 ml). After 60 days, male rats in all groups prepared to evaluate genital organs weights, the Leydig cells culturing and measurement of testosterone hormone level. Permethrin have negative impacts on Sperm parameters, the Leydig cells count and reduced testosterone serum level in groups 3 and 4. However, in group 4, ONION with antioxidant properties can modify these effects. Onion showed a significant remedy effect on sperm parameters and also leads to increases in the number of Leydig cells. These findings indicated that Permethrin have the negative effects on the reproductive system and fertility.
TL;DR: Results revealed that CC EO and thymol significantly influenced the enzymatic activities of E. kuehniella leading to disruption of survival and metabolic responses.
Abstract: The effects of Carum copticum essential oil (CC EO) and thymol were assayed against fourth instar of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller by determining insecticidal activities and enzymatic responses. Conce...
TL;DR: In this article, the reduction in the level of 42 pesticides from different chemical groups in white rice by means of traditional cooking was evaluated using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) system in combination with the modified QuEChERS technique as the base of sample preparation method.
Abstract: In the current study, the reduction in the level of 42 pesticides from different chemical groups in white rice by means of traditional cooking was evaluated. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) system in combination with the modified QuEChERS technique as the base of sample preparation method was employed. The spiked rice samples (at 3 levels of 25, 100, and 500 ng/g) were analyzed to determine the reduction percentage of pesticide. Processing factor for each pesticide excepted for one of them was lower than 1. The introduced sample preparation and identification methods showed a precision as well as accuracy. The recovery of pesticides at three concentration levels was in the range of 84.08–105.95%. The highest and lowest percentages of pesticides reduction were reported as 99.8% and 15.6% for dichlorvos and metalaxyl, respectively. Regarding the different chemical groups, the most reduction is belong organophosphorus pesticides and the less reduction can be correlated to organochlorin...
TL;DR: This work focused on the use of low-cost activated carbon prepared from apricot fruit nucleus and modified with Rhodamine B to removal of toxic Tl(I) to show better correlation for pseudo-second order model than the first-order model.
Abstract: Thallium (Tl) is a very toxic heavy metal regarded to cause pollution even at very low concentration of several parts per million. This work focused on the use of low-cost activated carbon prepared from apricot fruit nucleus and modified with Rhodamine B to removal of toxic Tl(I). The microstructure of the activated carbon was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Adsorption was quick and the equilibrium attained within 30 min. The kinetic studies showed better correlation for pseudo-second order model than the first-order model. Recovery was achieved the highest using Na2S2O3. Temperature has no significant effect in the removal efficiency.
TL;DR: It can be concluded that being familiar with all the existence method’s advantages, disadvantages and application range can reduce the challenge of method selection that providing relevant and reliable information about antimicrobial activity of NPs.
Abstract: In recent years using nanoparticle has been increased to resolve microbial resistance. It has been shown that nanomaterial such as metallic nanoparticles is the most effective in microbial cell reduction. In nanoparticle using the antimicrobial activity assay should be identified by suitable method. This review consists of introduce the available techniques for determination of Nanoantimicrobials activity, specifically metal oxide nanoparticles. Determining methods for the antimicrobial potential of nanoparticle, including the use of viable cells by exploring and indirect tests, each with unique advantages and disadvantages, such as bacterial cell enumeration, diffusion test, minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration, adenosine triphosphate assay, fluorescein diacetate (3,6-diacetylfluorescein), molecular biological techniques, and fractional inhibitory concentration index, to determine the effectiveness of test substances for synergistic, antagonistic, or additive ef...
TL;DR: The advances in research of neph rotoxicity, nephrotoxicity mechanisms and toxic antagonism of OTA were reviewed in the present paper.
Abstract: Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a widespread mycotoxin that naturally takes place in various human foodstuffs, such as cereals, cereal products, fruits, vegetables, meat, eggs, dairy products, dried products, wine and even the infant formula. Thus, the generation of serious harm to human health is inevitable. Among a variety of toxicological effects of OTA, nephrotoxicity is the most prominent. Until present, the review focusing on the nephrotoxicity of OTA was absent. Therefore, the advances in research of nephrotoxicity, nephrotoxicity mechanisms and toxic antagonism of OTA were reviewed in the present paper.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated human health risks from consumption of heavy metal contaminated fish from the Firtina and Guneysu Rivers in Rize and found that the levels of heavy metals in both water and two fish species are lower than the acceptable limit recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO).
Abstract: Human health risks were evaluated from consumption of heavy metal contaminated fish from the Firtina and Guneysu Rivers in Rize. The study was aimed to assess heavy metal load in water and two fish species. The potential human health risk due to consumption of Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo coruhensis was assessed by estimating average daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) of metals. Our results showed that the levels of heavy metals in both water and two fish species are lower than the acceptable limit recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO).
TL;DR: Results from in vitro and in vivo assays showed that the diabody constructed and produced by fusion of two nanobodies has a promising ability to neutralize venom activity.
Abstract: Scorpion sting is one of the most important problems in public health practice in many countries. Khuzestan yellow scorpion, scientifically known as Hemiscorpius lepturus, belongs to the family Hemiscorpidae, and is one of the most common and dangerous scorpions in Iran. Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion has potentially cytotoxic venom. The first treatment for scorpion envenoming is horse antisera. Due to their unique characteristics, camels have been considered as an important source for antiserum and monoclonal antibody (Nanobody) production. In the previous study, we reported a specific nanobody against the hemolytic fraction (heminecrolysin) of Hemiscorpius lepturus venom. In the present study, a recombinant diabody was constructed and produced by fusion of two nanobodies. Results from in vitro and in vivo assays showed that the diabody has a promising ability to neutralize venom activity.
TL;DR: It is suggested that further investigation, particularly in humans, is required to better understand the relationship between development of disease and MCs-exposure, and the revealed miRNA pathways associated with MCs hepatotoxicity may provide therapeutic targets for a variety of human liver diseases.
Abstract: In this paper, miRNA expressions and their possible functions evaluated by using the qPCR, miRNA microarray and transcriptome in microcystins (MCs)-toxicity in fish, mammal and in vitro models were reviewed. In general, expressions of most miRNAs determined were altered in animal tissues or in vitro cells after MCs-exposure. Studies have also provided a pivotal understanding of miRNAs involved in the potential MCs-toxicity mechanism. These works suggest that further investigation, particularly in humans, is required to better understand the relationship between development of disease and MCs-exposure. Finally, the revealed miRNA pathways associated with MCs hepatotoxicity may provide therapeutic targets for a variety of human liver diseases.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of ochratoxin A (OTA) on the oxidative stress in day-old broiler chicks were investigated, and a total of 60-day-old chicks were divided into four equal groups.
Abstract: The current study was designed to investigate the effects of ochratoxin A (OTA) on the oxidative stress in day-old broiler chicks. A total of 60-day-old broiler chicks were divided into four equal ...
TL;DR: Isolation of toxigenic A. niger aggregates from wheat indicates that these species should be considered as possible contributors of OTA contamination in wheat and its by-products in Pakistan.
Abstract: The present study was designed to investigate the fungi and their toxigenic potentials isolated from the wheat and wheat brans. A total of 67 samples of wheat and 17 samples of wheat bran were collected from Faisalabad district of Pakistan. Forty-five (67.16%) samples of wheat yielded fungi. Frequency distribution based on total samples, Aspergillus was the highest (44.77%) genus followed by Penicillium, Fusarium and Alternaria. Penicillium verucosum (30.64%) was the most frequently isolated species followed by A. niger aggregates, A. flavus, A. parasiticus, P. chrysogenum, A. ochraceous, A. carbonarius and A. fumigatus. Among Aspergilli, A. niger aggregates (46.67%) were most frequently isolated species. Out of 30 Aspergilli isolates from wheat samples, 17 (56.66%) were found toxigenic. AFB1 produced by aflatoxigenic Aspergilli varied from 1.44 to 836.3 ng/g, while ochratoxin A levels varied from 0.037 to 15 045 ng/g. Among Penicillium species, P. verrucosum (63.15%) were found ochratoxigenic and...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the toxico-pathological effect of cadmium and its amelioration with silymarin (SL) and milk thistle (MT) in male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica).
Abstract: The present study was designed to investigate the toxico-pathological effect of cadmium (Cd) and its amelioration with silymarin (SL) and milk thistle (MT) in male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica...
TL;DR: Among the metals in some Iranian cultivated rice samples, cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) concentrations were higher than national standard of Iran, but, totally in Iran, average weekly intake for Cd, As, Pb, cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) were lower than the maximum weekly intake recommended by WHO/FAO.
Abstract: With attention to high public concern to dietary intakes of heavy metals from various foods and rice as one of the main food of the people in the Iran, the aim of this study was to survey heavy metals in rice samples of Iran. Based on obtained results, among the metals in some Iranian cultivated rice samples, cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) concentrations were higher than national standard of Iran. But, totally in Iran, average weekly intake for Cd, As, Pb, cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) were lower than the maximum weekly intake recommended by WHO/FAO. However, the average weekly intake amount for Hg from rice in Iran is higher than the maximum weekly intake recommended by WHO/FAO.
TL;DR: In this paper, Bioavailability and translocation factor were calculated in fish and plants from Al Hawizah wetland southwest of Iran, and the results showed that mean concentration of Fe (16090.69 mg/kg) and Ni are higher in sediment.
Abstract: In this research, accumulation of Fe, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cu and Cd were determined in sediments, different tissue of plants and fish from Al Hawizah wetland southwest of Iran. Bioavailability and translocation factor were calculated in fish and plants. Results showed that mean concentration of Fe (16090.69 mg/kg) and Ni are higher in sediment. Bioavailability factor of all the elements in different tissues of three fish species were lower than one. Fe, Zn and Ni have the most BAF in Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia. In Phragmites australis, translocation factor for Zn was higher than one.
TL;DR: Immune parameters, that is, lymphoproliferative response to PHA-P, phagocytic potential and total protein and IgG titers against sheep RBCs were significantly decreased in birds receiving moldy feed as compared to control group, and almost all parameters studied were normal.
Abstract: The present study was carried out with the objectives to thrash immunotoxic effects of moldy feed in commercial White Leghorn layers and to know either addition of distillery yeast sludge (DYS) in moldy feed ameliorates the immunotoxic effects or not. For this purpose, moldy feed was prepared containing OTA and AFB1 56 and 136 μg/kg, respectively. For this purpose, 100, 40-week-old White Leghorn hens were procured and kept under standard management conditions. Birds were divided into five equal groups. Birds were kept on moldy feed (ochratoxin A: 56 μg/kg and aflatoxin B1: 136 μg/kg) mixed with 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 2% DYS/kg moldy feed. Group A served as control. Blood was collected without anticoagulant to separate serum. Serum ALT, creatinine and blood urea levels significantly increased in moldy-fed group as compared to control group, while nonsignificantly different readings of serum ALT, creatinine and blood urea were recorded in moldy feed + 2% DYS and control group. Immune parameters, that is, ...
TL;DR: Raw cow, goat and sheep milk samples were collected in different regions of Croatia during spring and autumn 2016 to assess AFM1 levels exceeding the European Union maximum residue levels and probable daily intakes for all three dairy species.
Abstract: Raw cow, goat and sheep milk samples were collected in different regions of Croatia during spring and autumn 2016. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) concentrations were measured in the following ranges (ng/kg): cow milk 0.93–85.4; goat milk 2.0–18.6; sheep milk 2.27–11.2. AFM1 levels exceeding the European Union maximum residue levels of 50 ng/kg were found in two cow milk samples in spring and 10 cow milk samples in autumn. The probable daily intakes (PDIs) for all three dairy species were from 0.0108 to 0.0165 ng/kg b.w./day and contributing 1.08–1.65% to the proposed provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI; 1 ng/kg b.w./day), indicating low risk exposure for consumers. The mean positive cow milk PDI was 0.15 ng/kg b.w./day, contributing 15.2% to the PMTDI.
TL;DR: The average concentration of isoflurane in three main educational hospitals was more than recommended scales by international organizations (2 ppm) and it sounds that exposure to this amount of gas would be the cause of health disorders for staff.
Abstract: Operating rooms (ORs) in hospital wards are very important because of special conditions of patients. The hazards of contact with low concentrations of anesthetic gases (AG) are undeniable. Nowadays AG isoflurane is one of the important pollutants which is in the air of ORs and used in anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of anesthetic toxic isoflurane gases of the indoor air of Razi, Golestan and Emam educational hospitals ORs, using active sampling system during 2016. In this study, in order to sampling and detection of isoflurane concentration (ppm), a portable pump (SKC pump) and tubes (Sorbent Tube Tenax TA 250 mg) were utilized. The sampling was done in three different points of the ORs. According to this study, the “Razi” and “Emam” hospitals had the highest and the lowest isoflurane concentrations. According to the results of this study, isoflurane concentrations in three main educational hospital ORs affiliated to the Ahvaz Jundishapur University of medical scie...
TL;DR: Almost all parameters studied were normal compared to control group with the addition of 2% DYS in moldy feed while 1%DYS partially ameliorated the toxic effects of mycotoxins.
Abstract: Aflatoxin and ochratoxin are important mycotoxins formed by different species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. The purpose of this study was to check the toxic pathological effects of moldy feed in White Leghorn (WLH) hens and to estimate the amelioration by distillery yeast sludge (DYS) against mycotoxins. For this purpose, 100, 40-weeks old WLH hens were procured and kept under standard management conditions. Birds were divided in five equal groups. Birds were kept on moldy feed (ochratoxin A (OTA): 56 μg/kg and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1): 136 μg/kg) mixed with 0, 0.5, 1 and 2% DYS/kg moldy feed. Group A served as control. The birds of the control group were active, with normal feed intake and feathers as compared to moldy feed and in combination with DYS. The attraction toward feed and water, feed intake, body weight gain, egg production (%) and egg weight significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased in the moldy group as compared to control group. The relative weight of liver, kidney, heart and spleen increased...
TL;DR: According to the results of present work, the terpene-rich essential oil of A. filipendulina can be considered as a safe alternative to the synthetic chemicals in the management of O. surinamensis and T. urticae.
Abstract: A significant toxicity of essential oil isolated from Achillea filipendulina Lam. was realized against two arthropod pests: Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) and Tetranychus urticae Koch. Probit analysis revealed LC50 values were 12.121 (10.366 ± 15.235) and 6.043 (5.018 ± 7.564) μl/l air for O. surinamensis and T. urticae, respectively. Essential oil analysis indicated geraniol (36.95%), borneol L (9.58%), 1,8-cineole (5.98%) and copaene were the major components. According to the results of present work, the terpene-rich essential oil of A. filipendulina can be considered as a safe alternative to the synthetic chemicals in the management of O. surinamensis and T. urticae.