Showing papers in "Vision Research in 2016"

TL;DR: It is shown that the use of the beta-binomial model makes it possible to determine accurate credible intervals even in data which exhibit substantial overdispersion, and Bayesian inference methods are used for estimating the posterior distribution of the parameters of the psychometric function.

TL;DR: Evidence suggesting that content-specific information can be flexibly maintained in areas across the cortical hierarchy ranging from early visual cortex to PFC is reviewed.

TL;DR: Some of the main challenges of the study of microsaccades are summarized and methods for assessing and improving the quality of the recordings are described and critically review current evidence on three long-debated proposals: the maintenance of fixation, the prevention of visual fading, and the exploration of fine spatial detail.

TL;DR: Any mechanisms that underlie stable surface color perception in natural scenes need to accommodate these large spatial variations in local illumination color that occur across time and location.

TL;DR: The presence of systematic changes in pupil size was confirmed, again at both small and large scales, and its tight relationship with gaze position estimates when observers were engaged in a demanding visual discrimination task.

TL;DR: A systematic assessment of the accuracy of early vision models for boundary detection together with the resulting annotated video dataset should provide a useful benchmark towards the development of higher-level models of visual processing.

TL;DR: The results show that the characteristics of ocular drift are remarkably similar in the two species; a clear deviation from a scale-invariant spectrum occurs in the range between 50 and 100Hz, generally attributed to ocular tremor, leading to intersaccadic retinal speeds as high as 1.5deg/s.

TL;DR: It is shown that the joint distribution of saccade amplitudes and orientations significantly varies from one visual category to another, and a saliency model based on this better understanding of viewing behavioral biases and blind to any visual information outperforms well-established saliency models.

TL;DR: Although experimental and theoretical approaches to Gestalt perception remain quite diverse, it is hopeful that these quantitative trends will pave the way for a unified theory.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the pupil-CR technique is not suitable for studying detailed dynamics of eye movements and saccades in the eye trackers' gaze signal appear to be excessive versions of saccade in the pupil signal.

TL;DR: Results show that pupil-, and gaze-signals, but not the CR-signal, are affected by the size of the pupil; changes in saccade peak velocities in the gaze signal of more than 30% were found.

TL;DR: The results confirm the ability of mice to perform global motion discriminations, and the touchscreen assay provides a flexible, automated, and relatively high throughput method with which to probe complex visual function in mice.

TL;DR: A Bayesian theory of vector analysis is described and it is shown that it can account for classic results from dot motion experiments, as well as new experimental data, and takes a step towards understanding how moving scenes are parsed into objects.

TL;DR: An object effect - faster performance for targets within the object than for targets outside the object - was found even when the target appeared after the object offset, and was sensitive to target-object distance, suggesting that the capture of attention by an object is accompanied by a deployment of attention to the object location.

TL;DR: Within sampling constraints, ratios of cone excitations, and also of opponent-color combinations, provide an approximately invariant signal for stable surface-color inferences, despite spectral and geometric variations in scene illumination.

TL;DR: It is suggested that there are separate binocular (B) and monocular (L,R) channels, but only the largest of the three responses, max(L,B,R), is available to perception and decision.

TL;DR: It is found that once the patients visually localized the shapes, they fixated well and exhibited classic oculomotor fixational patterns, including the generation of microsaccades and ocular drifts, which pave the way for future use of eye tracking in subretinal implant patients.

TL;DR: The pattern of RTs shows that while observers were collecting a target item, they had already begun searching memory and the visual display for additional targets, making the hybrid foraging task a useful way to investigate the interaction of visual and memory search.

TL;DR: A modeling approach relying on a modified k-means clustering algorithm to formally describe human observers' grouping behavior is introduced and a default grouping window size of approximately 4° of visual angle is found that describes human grouping judgments across a range of random dot arrays.

TL;DR: One reason to why the reported size of microsaccades has increased is due to the larger overshoots produced by the modern pupil-based eye-trackers compared to the systems used in the classical studies, in combination with the lack of a systematic algorithmic treatment of the overshoot.

TL;DR: It is shown that drift movements are indeed suitable for visual encoding and several pieces of evidence are presented suggesting that MSs redirect the visual gaze and that the visual details are sampled and encoded by ocular drifts.

TL;DR: The reconstituted opsin photopigments in vitro reveal the basis of variability in the guppy visual system and provide insight into the behavior and ecology of these tropical fishes.

TL;DR: In this paper, a spectral analysis of the visual input to the retina was combined with measurements of contrast sensitivity in humans, showing that small saccades contribute more temporal power than ocular drift in the low frequency range, suggesting a specific role for these movements in the encoding of low spatial frequencies.

TL;DR: The results showed that monocular viewing disrupted the temporal coordination between the eyes and the hand during the place-to-reach transition phase, which provides insight into the role of binocular vision in predictive control of sequential reaching and grasping movements.

TL;DR: It is suggested that subjects can to some extent extract information about transformations applied to shapes, while ignoring other differences, and at the same time subjects show a certain degree of invariance across shape transformations.

TL;DR: It is suggested that humans prefer images with luminances that are distributed relatively evenly about the mean luminance, i.e., images with similar amounts of light and dark.

TL;DR: The results suggest that allocentric information is used for coding targets for memory-guided reaching in depth and the role of binocular and monocular depth cues for coding object locations in 3D space is investigated.

TL;DR: Voluntary and fixational saccades had very similar effects, including the presence of a biphasic extraretinal modulation that interacted with stimulus-driven responses and compensating for eye movements revealed a fine-grained motion pathway from V1 feeding the cortical ventral stream.

TL;DR: Comparisons reveal that rod pathway driven light sensitivity in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is entirely dependent on Trα, but partially independent of connexin 36 (Cx36) and rod bipolar cells, and suggest the parallel nature of rod pathways provides considerable redundancy to scotopic light sensitivity but distinct contributions to mesopic responses through complicated interactions with cone pathways.

TL;DR: It is confirmed that global motion perception in children with amblyopia is particularly deficient at the finer spatial scales that typically mature later in development, and carefully designed stimuli that are adequately sensitive must be used to assess global motion function in developmental disorders.