2013 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
William Thies,Laura Bleiler +1 more
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This report provides information to increase understanding of the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including incidence and prevalence, mortality rates, health expenditures and costs of care, and effect on caregivers and society in general.Abstract:
This report provides information to increase understanding of the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including incidence and prevalence, mortality rates, health expenditures and costs of care, and effect on caregivers and society in general. It also explores the roles and unique challenges of long‐distance caregivers, as well as interventions that target those challenges. An estimated 5.2 million Americans have AD. Approximately 200,000 people younger than 65 years with AD comprise the younger onset AD population; 5 million comprise the older onset AD population. Throughout the coming decades, the baby boom generation is projected to add about 10 million to the total number of people in the United States with AD. Today, someone in America develops AD every 68 seconds. By 2050, one new case of AD is expected to develop every 33 seconds, or nearly a million new cases per year, and the total estimated prevalence is expected to be 13.8 million. AD is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and the fifth leading cause of death in Americans age 65 years or older. Between 2000 and 2010, the proportion of deaths resulting from heart disease, stroke, and prostate cancer decreased 16%, 23%, and 8%, respectively, whereas the proportion resulting from AD increased 68%. The number of deaths from AD as determined by official death certificates (83,494 in 2010) likely underrepresents the number of AD‐related deaths in the United States. A projected 450,000 older Americans with AD will die in 2013, and a large proportion will die as a result of complications of AD. In 2012, more than 15 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 17.5 billion hours of care to people with AD and other dementias, a contribution valued at more than $216 billion. Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries age 65 years and older with AD and other dementias are three times as great as payments for beneficiaries without these conditions, and Medicaid payments are 19 times as great. Total payments in 2013 for health care, long‐term care, and hospice services for people age 65 years and older with dementia are expected to be $203 billion (not including the contributions of unpaid caregivers). An estimated 2.3 million caregivers of people with AD and other dementias live at least 1 hour away from the care recipient. These “long‐distance caregivers” face unique challenges, including difficulty in assessing the care recipient's true health condition and needs, high rates of family disagreement regarding caregiving decisions, and high out‐of‐pocket expenses for costs related to caregiving. Out‐of‐pocket costs for long‐distance caregivers are almost twice as high as for local caregivers.read more
Citations
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A Comprehensive Behavioral Test Battery to Assess Learning and Memory in 129S6/Tg2576 Mice.
Andrea Wolf,Björn Bauer,Björn Bauer,Erin L. Abner,Tal Ashkenazy-Frolinger,Anika M.S. Hartz,Anika M.S. Hartz +6 more
TL;DR: A non-invasive behavioral test battery that allows detecting cognitive impairment in scopolamine-treated 129S6/SvEvTac mice and in transgenic 129S 6/Tg2576 mice is established.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Growth of Palliative Care in the United States
Mark T. Hughes,Thomas J. Smith +1 more
TL;DR: The benefits of palliative care have now been shown in multiple clinical trials, with increased patient and provider satisfaction, equal or better symptom control, more discernment of and honoring choices about place of death, fewer and less intensive hospital admissions in the last month of life, less anxiety and depression, less caregiver distress, and cost savings.
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Underdiagnosis of Dementia: an Observational Study of Patterns in Diagnosis and Awareness in US Older Adults
Halima Amjad,Halima Amjad,David L. Roth,David L. Roth,Orla C. Sheehan,Orla C. Sheehan,Constantine G. Lyketsos,Jennifer L. Wolff,Quincy M. Samus,Quincy M. Samus +9 more
TL;DR: The majority of older adults with dementia are either undiagnosed or unaware of the diagnosis, suggesting shortcomings in detection and communication of dementia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerobic exercise for Alzheimer's disease: A randomized controlled pilot trial
Jill K. Morris,Eric D. Vidoni,David K. Johnson,Angela Van Sciver,Jonathan D. Mahnken,Robyn A. Honea,Heather M. Wilkins,William Brooks,Sandra A. Billinger,Russell H. Swerdlow,Jeffrey M. Burns +10 more
TL;DR: Exercise-related gains in cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with improved memory performance and reduced hippocampal atrophy, suggesting cardiorespiratory fitness gains may be important in driving brain benefits.
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Differences Between Women and Men in Incidence Rates of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease.
Christopher R. Beam,Cody Kaneshiro,Jung Yun Jang,Chandra A. Reynolds,Nancy L. Pedersen,Nancy L. Pedersen,Margaret Gatz,Margaret Gatz +7 more
TL;DR: Gender differences in incidence rates of any dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) alone, and non-Alzheimer's dementia alone in 16,926 women and men in the Swedish Twin Registry aged 65+.
References
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[Affective disorders in the fourth edition of the classification of mental disorders prepared by the American Psychiatric Association -- diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders].
Journal ArticleDOI
The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease
Guy M. McKhann,Guy M. McKhann,David S. Knopman,Howard Chertkow,Bradley T. Hyman,Clifford R. Jack,Claudia H. Kawas,William E. Klunk,Walter J. Koroshetz,Jennifer J. Manly,Richard Mayeux,Richard C. Mohs,John C. Morris,Martin N. Rossor,Philip Scheltens,Maria C. Carrillo,Bill Thies,Sandra Weintraub,Creighton H. Phelps +18 more
TL;DR: The workgroup sought to ensure that the revised criteria would be flexible enough to be used by both general healthcare providers without access to neuropsychological testing, advanced imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid measures, and specialized investigators involved in research or in clinical trial studies who would have these tools available.
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Mild Cognitive Impairment: Clinical Characterization and Outcome
Ronald C. Petersen,Glenn E. Smith,Stephen C. Waring,Robert J. Ivnik,Eric G. Tangalos,Emre Kokmen +5 more
TL;DR: Patients who meet the criteria for MCI can be differentiated from healthy control subjects and those with very mild AD, and appear to constitute a clinical entity that can be characterized for treatment interventions.
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International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems
TL;DR: There is substantial global variation in the relative burden of stroke compared with IHD, and the disproportionate burden from stroke for many lower-income countries suggests that distinct interventions may be required.
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