2013 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
William Thies,Laura Bleiler +1 more
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TLDR
This report provides information to increase understanding of the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including incidence and prevalence, mortality rates, health expenditures and costs of care, and effect on caregivers and society in general.Abstract:
This report provides information to increase understanding of the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including incidence and prevalence, mortality rates, health expenditures and costs of care, and effect on caregivers and society in general. It also explores the roles and unique challenges of long‐distance caregivers, as well as interventions that target those challenges. An estimated 5.2 million Americans have AD. Approximately 200,000 people younger than 65 years with AD comprise the younger onset AD population; 5 million comprise the older onset AD population. Throughout the coming decades, the baby boom generation is projected to add about 10 million to the total number of people in the United States with AD. Today, someone in America develops AD every 68 seconds. By 2050, one new case of AD is expected to develop every 33 seconds, or nearly a million new cases per year, and the total estimated prevalence is expected to be 13.8 million. AD is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and the fifth leading cause of death in Americans age 65 years or older. Between 2000 and 2010, the proportion of deaths resulting from heart disease, stroke, and prostate cancer decreased 16%, 23%, and 8%, respectively, whereas the proportion resulting from AD increased 68%. The number of deaths from AD as determined by official death certificates (83,494 in 2010) likely underrepresents the number of AD‐related deaths in the United States. A projected 450,000 older Americans with AD will die in 2013, and a large proportion will die as a result of complications of AD. In 2012, more than 15 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 17.5 billion hours of care to people with AD and other dementias, a contribution valued at more than $216 billion. Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries age 65 years and older with AD and other dementias are three times as great as payments for beneficiaries without these conditions, and Medicaid payments are 19 times as great. Total payments in 2013 for health care, long‐term care, and hospice services for people age 65 years and older with dementia are expected to be $203 billion (not including the contributions of unpaid caregivers). An estimated 2.3 million caregivers of people with AD and other dementias live at least 1 hour away from the care recipient. These “long‐distance caregivers” face unique challenges, including difficulty in assessing the care recipient's true health condition and needs, high rates of family disagreement regarding caregiving decisions, and high out‐of‐pocket expenses for costs related to caregiving. Out‐of‐pocket costs for long‐distance caregivers are almost twice as high as for local caregivers.read more
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Green Tea Consumption Affects Cognitive Dysfunction in the Elderly: A Pilot Study
Kazuki Ide,Hiroshi Yamada,Norikata Takuma,Mijong Park,Noriko Wakamiya,Junpei Nakase,Yuuichi Ukawa,Yuko M. Sagesaka +7 more
TL;DR: The result suggests that green tea consumption may be effective in improving cognitive function or reducing the progression of cognitive dysfunction; however, long-term large-scale controlled studies are needed to further clarify the effect.
Journal ArticleDOI
Profile of gantenerumab and its potential in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Dijana Novakovic,Marco Feligioni,Sergio Scaccianoce,Alessandra Caruso,Sonia Piccinin,Chiara Schepisi,Francesco Errico,Nicola Biagio Mercuri,Ferdinando Nicoletti,Robert Nisticò +9 more
TL;DR: Gantenerumab is an investigational fully human anti-amyloid beta monoclonal antibody with a high capacity to bind and remove beta-amYLoid plaques in the brain that represents a promising agent with a disease-modifying potential in Alzheimer’s disease.
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An ensemble-of-classifiers based approach for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: classification using structural features of brain images.
TL;DR: An automated image processing based approach for the identification of AD from MRI of the brain that has higher specificity/accuracy values despite the use of smaller feature set as compared to existing approaches is proposed.
Journal ArticleDOI
PPARγ recruitment to active ERK during memory consolidation is required for Alzheimer's disease-related cognitive enhancement.
TL;DR: These findings implicate a previously unidentified PPARγ–pERK complex that provides a molecular mechanism for the convergence of these pathways during cognitive enhancement, thereby offering new targets for therapeutic development in AD.
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Targeting the Prodromal Stage of Alzheimer’s Disease: Bioenergetic and Mitochondrial Opportunities
TL;DR: The importance of early therapeutic intervention during the prodromal stage that precedes irreversible degeneration in AD is discussed, and a systems biology approach that targets the bioenergetic system rather than a single component of this system is focused on.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease
Guy M. McKhann,Guy M. McKhann,David S. Knopman,Howard Chertkow,Bradley T. Hyman,Clifford R. Jack,Claudia H. Kawas,William E. Klunk,Walter J. Koroshetz,Jennifer J. Manly,Richard Mayeux,Richard C. Mohs,John C. Morris,Martin N. Rossor,Philip Scheltens,Maria C. Carrillo,Bill Thies,Sandra Weintraub,Creighton H. Phelps +18 more
TL;DR: The workgroup sought to ensure that the revised criteria would be flexible enough to be used by both general healthcare providers without access to neuropsychological testing, advanced imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid measures, and specialized investigators involved in research or in clinical trial studies who would have these tools available.
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Mild Cognitive Impairment: Clinical Characterization and Outcome
Ronald C. Petersen,Glenn E. Smith,Stephen C. Waring,Robert J. Ivnik,Eric G. Tangalos,Emre Kokmen +5 more
TL;DR: Patients who meet the criteria for MCI can be differentiated from healthy control subjects and those with very mild AD, and appear to constitute a clinical entity that can be characterized for treatment interventions.
Journal ArticleDOI
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems
TL;DR: There is substantial global variation in the relative burden of stroke compared with IHD, and the disproportionate burden from stroke for many lower-income countries suggests that distinct interventions may be required.
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