$256\times8$ SPAD Array With 256 Column TDCs for a Line Profiling Laser Radar
Pekka Keranen,Juha Kostamovaara +1 more
TLDR
A receiver circuit for pulsed time-of-flight line profiling laser radar has been designed in CMOS technology and can measure distances up to 30 m @ 28 fps with an accuracy and precision of few millimeters in typical indoor lighting conditions.Abstract:
A receiver circuit for pulsed time-of-flight line profiling laser radar has been designed in $0.35\mu \text {m}$ CMOS technology. The receiver consists of a line detector array with $256\times 8$ SPADs with a pitch of $41.6\mu \text {m}$ . The diameter of the SPAD’s active area is $25.6\mu \text {m}$ , which gives a fill factor of 0.35. Each column has 8 SPADs and a TDC with a range and resolution of 640 ns and 20 ps, respectively. The TDCs are based on the Nutt interpolation method where cyclic converters are utilized as fine converters. A compact demonstrator system has been built with a horizontal FOV of about 37°, which gives a column-wise angular resolution of about 0.15°. This solid-state system uses a pulsed laser diode with cylindrical transmitter optics to illuminate the full FOV of the receiver with a single laser pulse. The system can measure distances up to 30 m @ 28 fps with an accuracy and precision of few millimeters in typical indoor lighting conditions. Outdoors, in direct sunlight conditions, the measurement range is decreased to 5 m. Outdoor range, however, can be increased if frame rate is lowered and more laser shots are accumulated per frame.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Temporal and Spatial Focusing in SPAD-Based Solid-State Pulsed Time-of-Flight Laser Range Imaging.
TL;DR: It is shown that a 256-pixel SPAD-based pulsed TOF line profiler following these design principles can achieve a measurement range of 5–10 m to non-cooperative targets at a rate of ~10 lines/s under bright sunlight conditions using an average optical power of only 260 µW.
Time-gating technique for a single-photon detection-based solid-state time-of-flight 3D range imager
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a solid-state 3D range imager based on use of the sliding time-gate technique in a SPAD array and short (~200 ps), intensive laser pulses.
Journal ArticleDOI
4D modeling of soil surface during excavation using a solid-state 2D profilometer mounted on the arm of an excavator
Ilpo Niskanen,Ilpo Niskanen,Matti Immonen,Tomi Makkonen,Pekka Keranen,Pekka Tyni,Lauri Hallman,Mikko Hiltunen,Tanja Kolli,Y. Louhisalmi,Juha Kostamovaara,Rauno Heikkilä +11 more
TL;DR: E accuracy, high update rate, compact size, real-time measurement and a construction without moving parts, which has a great potential in construction applications, where accurate measurements of a surface shape are needed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Time-Resolved Raman Spectrometer With High Fluorescence Rejection Based on a CMOS SPAD Line Sensor and a 573-nm Pulsed Laser
Tuomo Talala,Ville A. Kaikkonen,Pekka Keranen,Jari Nikkinen,Antti Härkönen,Vasili G. Savitski,Sean Reilly,ukasz Dziechciarczyk,Alan J. Kemp,Mircea Guina,Anssi J. Mäkynen,Ilkka Nissinen +11 more
TL;DR: In this article, a time-resolved Raman spectrometer is demonstrated based on a $256\times 8$ single-photon avalanche diodes fabricated in CMOS technology (CMOS SPAD) line sensor and a 573-nm fiber-coupled diamond Raman laser delivering pulses with duration below 100ps fullwidth at half-maximum (FWHM).
Journal ArticleDOI
A 32 × 32-Pixel Flash LiDAR Sensor With Noise Filtering for High-Background Noise Applications
TL;DR: In this paper , a pulsed laser direct time-of-flight (dTOF) flash light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor fabricated in 0.18-HV CMOS technology is introduced.
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