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A comparative study of approaches towards energy efficiency and renewable energy use at higher education institutions

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TLDR
In this paper, the authors investigated the level of engagement in energy efficiency measures of a sample of 50 higher education institutions from round the world, and identified which types of renewable energy are being used to date.
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This article is published in Journal of Cleaner Production.The article was published on 2019-07-22 and is currently open access. It has received 66 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Energy consumption & Efficient energy use.

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A review of empirical data of sustainability initiatives in university campus operations

TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive literature review on the implemented actions and initiatives in university campuses reported in scientific publications is carried out, giving particular attention to the methods and tools used, targeting the current trends in sustainable campus scientific research.
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An Energy Management System of Campus Microgrids: State-of-the-Art and Future Challenges

TL;DR: In this article, a literature survey presents a comparative analysis of multiple campus microgrids' energy management at different universities in different locations, and it also studies different approaches to managing their peak demand and achieving the maximum output power for campus micro-grids.
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Techno-Economic Feasibility Analysis of a Hybrid Renewable Energy Supply Options for University Buildings in Saudi Arabia

TL;DR: In this article, a detailed feasibility analysis of technical and financial assessment for grid-connected hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) configurations by including grid-only, HRES-only and grid-HRES at four different provinces in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), namely; (Al Baha University, University of Jeddah, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, and Tabuk University).
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Sustainable Solutions for Advanced Energy Management System of Campus Microgrids: Model Opportunities and Future Challenges

TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the energy management system of campus microgrids is presented in this paper , where the existing literature review of different objective functions, renewable energy resources and solution tools are also reviewed.
References
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Multivariate Data Analysis

TL;DR: In this paper, a six-step framework for organizing and discussing multivariate data analysis techniques with flowcharts for each is presented, focusing on the use of each technique, rather than its mathematical derivation.
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Multivariate data analysis

TL;DR: This chapter discusses Structural Equation Modeling: An Introduction, and SEM: Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and Testing A Structural Model, which shows how the model can be modified for different data types.
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Public perceptions of and responses to new energy technologies

TL;DR: A review of the literature on public perceptions of and responses to a wide range of new energy technologies can be found in this paper, where the themes of technology, people, place and process are examined.
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A comprehensive review on coupling different types of electrolyzer to renewable energy sources

TL;DR: In this article, a review is performed on different methods of coupling electrolyzer systems with different renewable energy sources, including solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, ocean thermal energy conversion system and hydroelectric energy.
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Barriers to innovation and sustainability at universities around the world

TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the link between innovation and sustainability in the context of higher education, with the purpose of investigating the fundamental barriers for innovation and sustainable development in universities around the world, and found that without the support of senior management within a university, bottom-up sustainable initiatives seem destined to fail in the longer term due to a lack of investment and administrative support.
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Frequently Asked Questions (2)
Q1. What are the contributions in this paper?

Therefore, this paper investigates the level of engagement in energy efficiency measures of a sample of 50 higher education institutions from round the world, and identifies which types of renewable energy are being used to date. Investment in energy efficiency is more common in the sample, with 54 % of the universities reporting higher levels of engagement, mainly in buildings ( 78 % ) and equipment/machineries ( 56 % ). Departing from the assumption that sustainable energy use is a pre-condition for campuses to pursue sustainability, the paper identifies current deficiencies and discusses improvements in this key area, with experiences which may be replicable elsewhere. 

The research results provided a good basis to further explore possibilities for strengthening efforts on monitoring and reporting energy use and the advancement of sustainable energy projects on campuses. As to future research work, it could be interesting to enlarge the sample of higher education institutions involved and expand the topic by exploring and highlighting best practices applied. • Level 2- Meso: to work with individual Faculties, so that university-wide plans are also complemented at the level of Faculties, since some of them ( e. g. Science and Engineering ) can be quite energy intensive, whereas others ( e. g. Design and Law ) may not be so. • Level 3- Micro: initiatives at Department level, with the direct engagement of members of Departments and by means of joint initiatives at this level ( e. g. installing timers so energy supply to office equipment may be automatically switched off during late night or weekends ).