A novel, cost-effective, portable, complex flow phantom is proposed and the design specifications are provided, which employs a piston/cylinder system for vortex ring generation, coupled to an imaging tank full of fluid, for vortex propagation.
Abstract:
Cardiovascular fluid dynamics exhibit complex flow patterns, such as recirculation and vortices. Quantitative analysis of these complexities supports diagnosis, leading to early prediction ...
TL;DR: In this article, the evolution of vortex rings in isodensity and isoviscosity fluid has been studied analytically using a novel mathematical model, which predicts the spatiotemporal variation in peak vorticity, circulation, vortex size and spacing based on instantaneous vortex parameters.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a helical toroid structure (4 mm lumen diameter; helically winded for 5 revolutions over a torus with 10 mm radius; 5 mm helix radius).
TL;DR: In this article , the ring vortex phantom is used for real-time quantitative assessment of flow imaging modalities using a linear encoder, laser-photodiode array, and Doppler probe.
TL;DR: In this paper, a 3D blood vessel geometry example of a bifurcated artery model was 3D printed in polyvinyl alcohol, embedded in tissue-mimicking gel, and subsequently dissolved to create a phantom.
TL;DR: The formation of vortex rings generated through impulsively started jets is studied experimentally in this paper, where the velocity and vorticity field of the leading vortex ring formed is disconnected from that of the trailing jet.
TL;DR: In this paper, a stereo-PIV calibration procedure is developed based on fitting a camera pinhole model to the two cameras using single or multiple views of a 3D calibration plate, and a disparity vector map is computed on real particle images by cross-correlation of the images from cameras 1 and 2 to determine if the calibration plate coincides with the light sheet.
TL;DR: Particle image velocimetry (PIV) has evolved to be the dominant method for velocity analysis in experimental fluid mechanics and has contributed to many advances in our understanding of turbulent and complex flows as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: The evolution of particle image velocimetry (PIV) from its various roots is discussed in this paper, where the importance of these roots and their influence on different trends in the speciality are described.
TL;DR: This document provides a descriptive outline of the relevant concepts in cardiac fluid mechanics, including the emergence of rotation in flow and the variables that delineate vortical structures, and elaborate on the main methods developed to image and visualize multidirectional cardiovascular flow.
Q1. What have the authors contributed in "A complex flow phantom for medical imaging: ring vortex phantom design and technical specification" ?
Quality Assurance of technologies that image such flows is challenging but essential, and to this end, a novel, cost-effective, portable, complex flow phantom is proposed and the design specifications are provided.
Q2. What are the future works in "A complex flow phantom for medical imaging: ring vortex phantom design and technical specification" ?
It is worth noting that their analysis has focussed on bulk flow characteristics ( eg. translational vortex ring speed Vtrans ) but for completeness, further work is needed to assess the micro-flow environment in addition to the macro-flow characteristics described here. Future work will extend the assessment presented here to include comparative studies between medical imaging modalities ( Ultrasound, CT, and with some adaptation MRI ) and optical modalities ( Laser-PIV, Laser-diode ) to further assess reliability, long-term stability and detailed flow performance. Currently, four identical phantom systems have been manufactured and are currently being evaluated in the United Kingdom and France within both research and clinical environments, in order to identify potential improvements to the design.