Journal ArticleDOI
A global measure of perceived stress.
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TLDR
The Perceived Stress Scale showed adequate reliability and, as predicted, was correlated with life-event scores, depressive and physical symptomatology, utilization of health services, social anxiety, and smoking-reduction maintenance and was a better predictor of the outcome in question than were life- event scores.Abstract:
This paper presents evidence from three samples, two of college students and one of participants in a community smoking-cessation program, for the reliability and validity of a 14-item instrument, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), designed to measure the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful. The PSS showed adequate reliability and, as predicted, was correlated with life-event scores, depressive and physical symptomatology, utilization of health services, social anxiety, and smoking-reduction maintenance. In all comparisons, the PSS was a better predictor of the outcome in question than were life-event scores. When compared to a depressive symptomatology scale, the PSS was found to measure a different and independently predictive construct. Additional data indicate adequate reliability and validity of a four-item version of the PSS for telephone interviews. The PSS is suggested for examining the role of nonspecific appraised stress in the etiology of disease and behavioral disorders and as an outcome measure of experienced levels of stress.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Impact of Covid-19 Experiences and Associated Stress on Anxiety, Depression, and Functional Impairment in American Adults.
Matthew W. Gallagher,Michael J. Zvolensky,Michael J. Zvolensky,Laura J. Long,Andrew H. Rogers,Lorra Garey +5 more
TL;DR: Findings highlight that personal experiences related to the diagnosis of CO VID-19, mortality in acquaintances, and COVID-19 associated stress is associated with a greatly elevated risk of emotional disorder symptomatology and that the COVID the19 pandemic may result in increased demand for mental health services.
Journal ArticleDOI
Individual differences in cortisol responses to a laboratory speech task and their relationship to responses to stressful daily events
TL;DR: Investigation of the contribution of perceived stress, individual traits, and current mood states to individual differences in salivary cortisol responses found negative mood state at baseline was associated with higher cortisol levels at baseline just before, and just after, the speech.
Journal ArticleDOI
Management of nut allergy influences quality of life and anxiety in children and their mothers.
Amanda Cummings,Rebecca Knibb,Michel Erlewyn-Lajeunesse,R.M. King,Graham Roberts,Jane S. Lucas +5 more
TL;DR: Management of nut allergy influences quality of life and anxiety in children and their mothers and the role of parents and teachers is investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Group versus conventional antenatal care for women
Christine Catling,Nancy Medley,Maralyn Foureur,Clare Ryan,Nicky Leap,Alison Teate,Caroline S.E. Homer +6 more
TL;DR: Available evidence suggests that group antenatal care is positively viewed by women and is associated with no adverse outcomes for them or for their babies, and additional research is required to determine whether group antennatal care is associatedWith significant benefit in terms of preterm birth or birthweight.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sense of Coherence, Spirituality, Stress and Quality of Life in Chronic Illness
TL;DR: High sense of coherence (SOC) and spirituality were correlated with low stress and high quality of life (QoL) and neither SOC nor spirituality related significantly to objective symptom severity.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
TL;DR: The CES-D scale as discussed by the authors is a short self-report scale designed to measure depressive symptomatology in the general population, which has been used in household interview surveys and in psychiatric settings.
Journal ArticleDOI
The stress process.
TL;DR: This study takes involuntary job disruptions as illustrating life events and shows how they adversely affect enduring role strains, economic strains in particular, which erode positive concepts of self, such as self-esteem and mastery.