Journal ArticleDOI
A global measure of perceived stress.
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TLDR
The Perceived Stress Scale showed adequate reliability and, as predicted, was correlated with life-event scores, depressive and physical symptomatology, utilization of health services, social anxiety, and smoking-reduction maintenance and was a better predictor of the outcome in question than were life- event scores.Abstract:
This paper presents evidence from three samples, two of college students and one of participants in a community smoking-cessation program, for the reliability and validity of a 14-item instrument, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), designed to measure the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful. The PSS showed adequate reliability and, as predicted, was correlated with life-event scores, depressive and physical symptomatology, utilization of health services, social anxiety, and smoking-reduction maintenance. In all comparisons, the PSS was a better predictor of the outcome in question than were life-event scores. When compared to a depressive symptomatology scale, the PSS was found to measure a different and independently predictive construct. Additional data indicate adequate reliability and validity of a four-item version of the PSS for telephone interviews. The PSS is suggested for examining the role of nonspecific appraised stress in the etiology of disease and behavioral disorders and as an outcome measure of experienced levels of stress.read more
Citations
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Stressors, Academic Performance, and Learned Resourcefulness in Baccalaureate Nursing Students
TL;DR: Age was a significant predictor of academic performance and males and African-American/Black participants had higher learned resourcefulness scores than females and Caucasians, and studies in larger, more diverse samples are necessary to validate these findings.
Journal ArticleDOI
Natural Mentoring and Psychosocial Outcomes among Older Youth Transitioning From Foster Care.
TL;DR: Results of simultaneous and hierarchical regression analyses reveal that the presence of a mentor and the duration of the relationship at age 18 are associated with better psychological outcomes, such as fewer depression symptoms, less stress and more satisfaction with life at 18 1/2.
Journal ArticleDOI
On Pancultural Self-Enhancement Well-Adjusted Taiwanese Self-Enhance on Personally Valued Traits
TL;DR: The authors found that participants self-enhanced more on collectivistic than individualistic attributes and assigned higher personal importance to the former than the latter, and better adjusted participants manifested a stronger tendency to selfenhance on personally important attributes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Physician, practice, and patient characteristics related to primary care physician physical and mental health: Results from the physician worklife study
Eric S. Williams,Thomas R. Konrad,Mark Linzer,Julia E. McMurray,Donald E. Pathman,Martha S. Gerrity,Mark D. Schwartz,William E. Scheckler,Jeffrey A. Douglas +8 more
TL;DR: These findings support the notion that workplace conditions are a major determinant of physician well-being and are particularly important as physicians are more tightly integrated into the health care system that may be less clearly under their exclusive control.
Journal ArticleDOI
The nutrition and health transition in the North West Province of South Africa: a review of the THUSA (Transition and Health during Urbanisation of South Africans) study.
TL;DR: Urbanisation of Africans in the North West Province is accompanied by an improvement in micronutrient intakes and status, but also by increases in overweight, obesity and several risk factors for NCDs.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
TL;DR: The CES-D scale as discussed by the authors is a short self-report scale designed to measure depressive symptomatology in the general population, which has been used in household interview surveys and in psychiatric settings.
Journal ArticleDOI
The stress process.
TL;DR: This study takes involuntary job disruptions as illustrating life events and shows how they adversely affect enduring role strains, economic strains in particular, which erode positive concepts of self, such as self-esteem and mastery.