Journal ArticleDOI
A global measure of perceived stress.
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TLDR
The Perceived Stress Scale showed adequate reliability and, as predicted, was correlated with life-event scores, depressive and physical symptomatology, utilization of health services, social anxiety, and smoking-reduction maintenance and was a better predictor of the outcome in question than were life- event scores.Abstract:
This paper presents evidence from three samples, two of college students and one of participants in a community smoking-cessation program, for the reliability and validity of a 14-item instrument, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), designed to measure the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful. The PSS showed adequate reliability and, as predicted, was correlated with life-event scores, depressive and physical symptomatology, utilization of health services, social anxiety, and smoking-reduction maintenance. In all comparisons, the PSS was a better predictor of the outcome in question than were life-event scores. When compared to a depressive symptomatology scale, the PSS was found to measure a different and independently predictive construct. Additional data indicate adequate reliability and validity of a four-item version of the PSS for telephone interviews. The PSS is suggested for examining the role of nonspecific appraised stress in the etiology of disease and behavioral disorders and as an outcome measure of experienced levels of stress.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Assessing Stress in Cancer Patients: A Second-Order Factor Analysis Model for the Perceived Stress Scale
TL;DR: This alternative factor model of the PSS is presented along with observations regarding the measure’s use in cancer research and indicates factor stability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Depression and stress amongst undergraduate medical students
Allison B. Ludwig,William B. Burton,Jacqueline Weingarten,Felise B. Milan,Daniel C. Myers,Benjamin Kligler +5 more
TL;DR: A significant increase in the proportion of students at risk for depression in their third year as compared to the first year as well as an increase in perceived stress is demonstrated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of mind-body therapy on quality of life and neuroendocrine and cellular immune functions in patients with ulcerative colitis.
Sigrid Elsenbruch,Jost Langhorst,Kalina Popkirowa,Twyla Müller,Rainer Luedtke,Ulla Franken,Anna Paul,Günther Spahn,Andreas Michalsen,Onno E. Janssen,Manfred Schedlowski,Gustav Dobos +11 more
TL;DR: Mind-body therapy may improve quality of life in patients with UC in remission, while no effects of therapy on clinical or physiological parameters were found, which may at least in part be related to selective patient recruitment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dispositional Optimism as a Predictor of Health Changes among Cardiac Patients
TL;DR: Optimism measured at the outset of a cardiac rehabilitation program was associated with greater success in achieving lower levels of saturated fat, body fat, and global coronary risk, and with greatersuccess in increasing aerobic capacity by the end of the program.
Journal ArticleDOI
Low-dose estradiol and the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine for vasomotor symptoms: a randomized clinical trial.
Hadine Joffe,Katherine A. Guthrie,Andrea Z. LaCroix,Susan D. Reed,Kristine E. Ensrud,Kristine E. Ensrud,JoAnn E. Manson,Katherine M. Newton,Ellen W. Freeman,Garnet L. Anderson,Joseph C. Larson,Julie R. Hunt,Jan L. Shifren,Kathryn M. Rexrode,Bette J. Caan,Barbara Sternfeld,Janet S. Carpenter,Lee S. Cohen +17 more
TL;DR: In this article, the mean VMS frequency at week 8 decreased to 3.9 (95% CI, 2.9-4.9) VMS per day (52.9% reduction) in the estradiol group, and to 5.5 (95 % CI, 4.7-6.3)
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
TL;DR: The CES-D scale as discussed by the authors is a short self-report scale designed to measure depressive symptomatology in the general population, which has been used in household interview surveys and in psychiatric settings.
Journal ArticleDOI
The stress process.
TL;DR: This study takes involuntary job disruptions as illustrating life events and shows how they adversely affect enduring role strains, economic strains in particular, which erode positive concepts of self, such as self-esteem and mastery.