Journal ArticleDOI
A global measure of perceived stress.
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TLDR
The Perceived Stress Scale showed adequate reliability and, as predicted, was correlated with life-event scores, depressive and physical symptomatology, utilization of health services, social anxiety, and smoking-reduction maintenance and was a better predictor of the outcome in question than were life- event scores.Abstract:
This paper presents evidence from three samples, two of college students and one of participants in a community smoking-cessation program, for the reliability and validity of a 14-item instrument, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), designed to measure the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful. The PSS showed adequate reliability and, as predicted, was correlated with life-event scores, depressive and physical symptomatology, utilization of health services, social anxiety, and smoking-reduction maintenance. In all comparisons, the PSS was a better predictor of the outcome in question than were life-event scores. When compared to a depressive symptomatology scale, the PSS was found to measure a different and independently predictive construct. Additional data indicate adequate reliability and validity of a four-item version of the PSS for telephone interviews. The PSS is suggested for examining the role of nonspecific appraised stress in the etiology of disease and behavioral disorders and as an outcome measure of experienced levels of stress.read more
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History of socioeconomic disadvantage and allostatic load in later life.
Tara L. Gruenewald,Arun S. Karlamangla,Perry Hu,Sharon Stein-Merkin,Carolyn J. Crandall,Brandon Koretz,Teresa E. Seeman +6 more
TL;DR: Findings suggest that SES adversity experience may cumulate across the life course to have a negative impact on multiple biological systems in adulthood.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mindfulness Meditation and Improvement in Sleep Quality and Daytime Impairment Among Older Adults With Sleep Disturbances: A Randomized Clinical Trial
David StC. Black,Gillian A. O’Reilly,Richard G. Olmstead,Elizabeth C. Breen,Michael R. Irwin +4 more
TL;DR: The use of a community-accessible mindful awareness practices intervention resulted in improvements in sleep quality at immediate postintervention, which was superior to a highly structured SHE intervention.
Journal ArticleDOI
Food consumption frequency and perceived stress and depressive symptoms among students in three European countries
TL;DR: Data show consistent associations between unhealthy food consumption and depressive symptoms and perceived stress among female students from three European countries, but not among male students, which suggests that efforts to reduce depressive Symptoms and stress amongfemale students may also lead to the consumption of healthier foods and/or vice-versa.
Journal ArticleDOI
Self-Construals, Coping, and Stress in Cross-Cultural Adaptation:
TL;DR: The authors examined differences in the independent and interdependent self-construals of American and East Asian students studying in the United States and the influence of these self construals on coping and stress.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
TL;DR: The CES-D scale as discussed by the authors is a short self-report scale designed to measure depressive symptomatology in the general population, which has been used in household interview surveys and in psychiatric settings.
Journal ArticleDOI
The stress process.
TL;DR: This study takes involuntary job disruptions as illustrating life events and shows how they adversely affect enduring role strains, economic strains in particular, which erode positive concepts of self, such as self-esteem and mastery.