Journal ArticleDOI
A global measure of perceived stress.
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TLDR
The Perceived Stress Scale showed adequate reliability and, as predicted, was correlated with life-event scores, depressive and physical symptomatology, utilization of health services, social anxiety, and smoking-reduction maintenance and was a better predictor of the outcome in question than were life- event scores.Abstract:
This paper presents evidence from three samples, two of college students and one of participants in a community smoking-cessation program, for the reliability and validity of a 14-item instrument, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), designed to measure the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful. The PSS showed adequate reliability and, as predicted, was correlated with life-event scores, depressive and physical symptomatology, utilization of health services, social anxiety, and smoking-reduction maintenance. In all comparisons, the PSS was a better predictor of the outcome in question than were life-event scores. When compared to a depressive symptomatology scale, the PSS was found to measure a different and independently predictive construct. Additional data indicate adequate reliability and validity of a four-item version of the PSS for telephone interviews. The PSS is suggested for examining the role of nonspecific appraised stress in the etiology of disease and behavioral disorders and as an outcome measure of experienced levels of stress.read more
Citations
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Influence of psychological factors on risk of temporomandibular disorders
Gary D. Slade,Luda Diatchenko,Kanokporn Bhalang,Asgeir Sigurdsson,Roger B. Fillingim,Inna Belfer,Mitchell B. Max,David Goldman,William Maixner +8 more
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Are Plasma Oxytocin in Women and Plasma Vasopressin in Men Biomarkers of Distressed Pair-Bond Relationships?
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Physical activity, mindfulness meditation, or heart rate variability biofeedback for stress reduction: a randomized controlled trial
TL;DR: Results indicated an overall beneficial effect consisting of reduced stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and improved psychological well-being and sleep quality, suggesting that PA, MM, and HRV-BF are equally effective in reducing stress and its related symptoms.
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Sex differences in emotional and psychophysiological responses to musical stimuli.
TL;DR: It is shown that women tend to show hypersensitivity to aversive musical stimuli, in accordance with previous literature on sex differences in emotion research and indicates that the confounding effects of sex differences have to be considered when using musical stimuli for emotion induction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Childhood maltreatment is associated with an automatic negative emotion processing bias in the amygdala.
Udo Dannlowski,Udo Dannlowski,Harald Kugel,Franziska Huber,Anja Stuhrmann,Ronny Redlich,Dominik Grotegerd,Katharina Dohm,Christina Sehlmeyer,Carsten Konrad,Bernhard T. Baune,Volker Arolt,W. Heindel,Pienie Zwitserlood,Thomas Suslow,Thomas Suslow +15 more
TL;DR: Childhood maltreatment is apparently associated with detectable changes in amygdala function during early stages of emotion processing which resemble findings described in major depression.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
TL;DR: The CES-D scale as discussed by the authors is a short self-report scale designed to measure depressive symptomatology in the general population, which has been used in household interview surveys and in psychiatric settings.
Journal ArticleDOI
The stress process.
TL;DR: This study takes involuntary job disruptions as illustrating life events and shows how they adversely affect enduring role strains, economic strains in particular, which erode positive concepts of self, such as self-esteem and mastery.