Journal ArticleDOI
A global measure of perceived stress.
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TLDR
The Perceived Stress Scale showed adequate reliability and, as predicted, was correlated with life-event scores, depressive and physical symptomatology, utilization of health services, social anxiety, and smoking-reduction maintenance and was a better predictor of the outcome in question than were life- event scores.Abstract:
This paper presents evidence from three samples, two of college students and one of participants in a community smoking-cessation program, for the reliability and validity of a 14-item instrument, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), designed to measure the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful. The PSS showed adequate reliability and, as predicted, was correlated with life-event scores, depressive and physical symptomatology, utilization of health services, social anxiety, and smoking-reduction maintenance. In all comparisons, the PSS was a better predictor of the outcome in question than were life-event scores. When compared to a depressive symptomatology scale, the PSS was found to measure a different and independently predictive construct. Additional data indicate adequate reliability and validity of a four-item version of the PSS for telephone interviews. The PSS is suggested for examining the role of nonspecific appraised stress in the etiology of disease and behavioral disorders and as an outcome measure of experienced levels of stress.read more
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Further Psychometric Support for the 10‐Item Version of the Perceived Stress Scale
TL;DR: In this article, Cohen et al. found that the PSS-10 is a reliable and valid instrument for assessment of perceived stress in college students and used it to measure perceived helplessness and self-efficacy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Relationships among smartphone addiction, stress, academic performance, and satisfaction with life
Maya Samaha,Nazir S. Hawi +1 more
TL;DR: The results showed that smartphone addiction risk was positively related to perceived stress, but the latter was negatively related to satisfaction with life, and there is a zero order correlation between smartphone addiction and Satisfaction with life.
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Stress and adaptational outcomes. The problem of confounded measures.
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The association between prenatal stress and infant birth weight and gestational age at birth: A prospective investigation
TL;DR: Independent of biomedical risk, maternal prenatal stress factors are significantly associated with infant birth weight and with gestational age at birth.
Journal ArticleDOI
Racial Identity Matters: The Relationship between Racial Discrimination and Psychological Functioning in African American Adolescents
TL;DR: The authors examined the interrelationships among racial discrimination, racial identity, and psychological functioning in a sample of 314 African American adolescents and found that racial discrimination was associated with lower levels of psychological functioning.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
TL;DR: The CES-D scale as discussed by the authors is a short self-report scale designed to measure depressive symptomatology in the general population, which has been used in household interview surveys and in psychiatric settings.
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The stress process.
TL;DR: This study takes involuntary job disruptions as illustrating life events and shows how they adversely affect enduring role strains, economic strains in particular, which erode positive concepts of self, such as self-esteem and mastery.