Journal ArticleDOI
A predominantly clonal multi-institutional outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality.
Vivian G. Loo,Louise Poirier,Mark A. Miller,Matthew Oughton,Michael Libman,Sophie Michaud,Anne-Marie Bourgault,Tuyen Nguyen,Charles Frenette,Mirabelle Kelly,Anne Vibien,Paul Brassard,Susan Fenn,Ken Dewar,Thomas J. Hudson,Ruth Horn,Pierre René,Yury Monczak,Andre Dascal +18 more
TLDR
A strain of C. difficile that was resistant to fluoroquinolones and had binary toxin and a partial deletion of the tcdC gene was responsible for this outbreak ofC.difficile-associated diarrhea.Abstract:
Background In March 2003, several hospitals in Quebec, Canada, noted a marked increase in the incidence of Clostridium difficile–associated diarrhea. Methods In 2004 we conducted a prospective study at 12 Quebec hospitals to determine the incidence of nosocomial C. difficile–associated diarrhea and its complications and a case–control study to identify risk factors for the disease. Isolates of C. difficile were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and analyzed for binary toxin genes and partial deletions in the toxin A and B repressor gene tcdC. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated in a subgroup of isolates. Results A total of 1703 patients with 1719 episodes of nosocomial C. difficile–associated diarrhea were identified. The incidence was 22.5 per 1000 admissions. The 30-day attributable mortality rate was 6.9 percent. Case patients were more likely than matched controls to have received fluoroquinolones (odds ratio, 3.9; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.3 to 6.6) or cephalosporins (odds rati...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults: 2010 Update by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)
Stuart H. Cohen,Dale N. Gerding,Stuart Johnson,Ciaran P. Kelly,Vivian G. Loo,L. Clifford McDonald,Jacques Pépin,Mark H. Wilcox +7 more
TL;DR: This guideline updates recommendations regarding epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and infection control and environmental management of Clostridium difficile.
Journal ArticleDOI
2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Health Care Settings.
TL;DR: The ability of hospital ventilation systems to filter Aspergillus and other fungi following a building implosion and the impact of bedside design and furnishing on nosocomial infections are investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Burden of Clostridium difficile Infection in the United States
Fernanda C. Lessa,Yi Mu,Wendy Bamberg,Zintars G. Beldavs,Ghinwa Dumyati,John R. Dunn,Monica M. Farley,Stacy Holzbauer,James I. Meek,Erin C Phipps,Lucy E. Wilson,Lisa G. Winston,Jessica Cohen,Brandi Limbago,Scott K. Fridkin,Dale N. Gerding,L. Clifford McDonald +16 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used regression models to calculate estimates of national incidence and total number of infections, first recurrences, and deaths within 30 days after the diagnosis of C. difficile infection.
Journal ArticleDOI
An epidemic, toxin gene-variant strain of Clostridium difficile.
L. Clifford McDonald,George Killgore,Angela Thompson,Robert C. Owens,Sophia Kazakova,Susan P. Sambol,Stuart Johnson,Dale N. Gerding +7 more
TL;DR: A previously uncommon strain of C. difficile with variations in toxin genes has become more resistant to fluoroquinolones and has emerged as a cause of geographically dispersed outbreaks of C.'s Difficile-associated disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults and Children: 2017 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA)
L. Clifford McDonald,Dale N. Gerding,Stuart Johnson,Stuart Johnson,Johan S. Bakken,Karen C. Carroll,Susan E. Coffin,Erik R. Dubberke,Kevin W. Garey,Carolyn V. Gould,Ciaran P. Kelly,Vivian G. Loo,Julia S. Sammons,Thomas J. Sandora,Mark H. Wilcox +14 more
TL;DR: This guideline updates recommendations regarding epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, infection prevention, and environmental management on Clostridium difficile infection in adults and includes recommendations for children.
References
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TL;DR: The role of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory in Nosocomial and Community Infections and Antimicrobial Agents and Susceptibility Tests, Quality Control, Media, Reagents and Stains is examined.
Journal ArticleDOI
An epidemic, toxin gene-variant strain of Clostridium difficile.
L. Clifford McDonald,George Killgore,Angela Thompson,Robert C. Owens,Sophia Kazakova,Susan P. Sambol,Stuart Johnson,Dale N. Gerding +7 more
TL;DR: A previously uncommon strain of C. difficile with variations in toxin genes has become more resistant to fluoroquinolones and has emerged as a cause of geographically dispersed outbreaks of C.'s Difficile-associated disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toxin production by an emerging strain of Clostridium difficile associated with outbreaks of severe disease in North America and Europe
Michel Warny,Jacques Pépin,Aiqi Fang,George Killgore,Angela Thompson,Jon S. Brazier,Eric Frost,L. Clifford McDonald +7 more
TL;DR: The severity of C difficile-associated disease caused by NAP1/027 could result from hyperproduction of toxins A and B, and dissemination of this strain in North America and Europe could lead to important changes in the epidemiology of C diffusion disease.