A review of the measurement of grip strength in clinical and epidemiological studies: towards a standardised approach
Helen C. Roberts,Hayley J Denison,Helen J Martin,Harnish P. Patel,Holly E. Syddall,Cyrus Cooper,Avan Aihie Sayer +6 more
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TLDR
A standardised method of measuring grip strength would enable more consistent measurement of grip strength and better assessment of sarcopenia.Abstract:
Background: the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People has developed a clinical definition of sarcopenia based on low muscle mass and reduced muscle function (strength or performance). Grip strength is recommended as a good simple measure of muscle strength when ‘measured in standard conditions’. However, standard conditions remain to be defined. Methods: a literature search was conducted to review articles describing the measurement of grip strength listed in Medline, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases up to 31 December 2009. Results: there is wide variability in the choice of equipment and protocol for measuring grip strength. The Jamar hand dynamometer is the most widely used instrument with established test–retest, inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. However, there is considerable variation in how it is used and studies often provide insufficient information on the protocol followed making comparisons difficult. There is evidence that variation in approach can affect the values recorded. Furthermore, reported summary measures of grip strength vary widely including maximum or mean value, from one, two or three attempts, with either hand or the dominant hand alone. Conclusions: there is considerable variation in current methods of assessing grip strength which makes comparison between studies difficult. A standardised method would enable more consistent measurement of grip strength and better assessment of sarcopenia. Our approach is described.read more
Citations
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Sarcopenia: Revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis
Alfonso J. Cruz-Jentoft,Gulistan Bahat,Jürgen M. Bauer,Yves Boirie,Olivier Bruyère,Tommy Cederholm,Cyrus Cooper,Francesco Landi,Yves Rolland,Avan Aihie Sayer,Stéphane M. Schneider,Cornel C. Sieber,Eva Topinkova,Maurits Vandewoude,Marjolein Visser,Mauro Zamboni +15 more
TL;DR: An emphasis is placed on low muscle strength as a key characteristic of sarcopenia, uses detection of low muscle quantity and quality to confirm the sarc Openia diagnosis, and provides clear cut-off points for measurements of variables that identify and characterise sarc openia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 Consensus Update on Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Treatment
Liang Kung Chen,Jean Woo,Prasert Assantachai,Tung Wai Auyeung,Ming Yueh Chou,Katsuya Iijima,Hak Chul Jang,Lin Kang,Miji Kim,Sunyoung Kim,Taro Kojima,Masafumi Kuzuya,Jenny S.W. Lee,Sang Yoon Lee,Wei Ju Lee,Yunhwan Lee,Chih Kuang Liang,Jae Young Lim,Wee Shiong Lim,Li Ning Peng,Ken Sugimoto,Tomoki Tanaka,Chang Won Won,Minoru Yamada,Teimei Zhang,Masahiro Akishita,Hidenori Arai +26 more
TL;DR: The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 introduces "possible sarcopenia," defined by either low muscle strength or low physical performance only, specifically for use in primary health care or community-based health promotion, to enable earlier lifestyle interventions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prognostic value of grip strength: findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study
Darryl P. Leong,Darryl P. Leong,Koon K. Teo,Koon K. Teo,Sumathy Rangarajan,Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo,Alvaro Avezum,Andres Orlandini,Pamela Seron,SH Ahmed,Annika Rosengren,Roya Kelishadi,Omar Rahman,Sumathi Swaminathan,Romaina Iqbal,Rajeev Gupta,Scott A. Lear,Aytekin Oguz,Khalid Yusoff,Khalid Yusoff,Katarzyna Zatońska,Jephat Chifamba,Ehimario U. Igumbor,Viswanathan Mohan,Ranjit Mohan Anjana,Hongqiu Gu,Wei Li,Salim Yusuf,Salim Yusuf +28 more
TL;DR: This study suggests that measurement of grip strength is a simple, inexpensive risk-stratifying method for all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and cardiovascular disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies.
TL;DR: The evolution, controversies and challenges in defining sarcopenic obesity are discussed, and current body composition modalities used to assess this condition are presented and current treatment strategies are outlined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Grip strength across the life course: normative data from twelve British studies.
Richard M Dodds,Holly E. Syddall,Rachel Cooper,Michaela Benzeval,Ian J. Deary,Elaine M. Dennison,Geoffrey Der,Catharine R. Gale,Hazel Inskip,Carol Jagger,Thomas B. L. Kirkwood,Debbie A Lawlor,Sian M. Robinson,John M. Starr,Andrew Steptoe,Kate Tilling,Diana Kuh,Cyrus Cooper,Avan Aihie Sayer +18 more
TL;DR: This is the first study to provide normative data for grip strength across the life course and these centile values have the potential to inform the clinical assessment of grip strength which is recognised as an important part of the identification of people with sarcopenia and frailty.
References
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Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People
Alfonso J. Cruz-Jentoft,Jean-Pierre Baeyens,Jürgen M. Bauer,Yves Boirie,Tommy Cederholm,Francesco Landi,Finbarr C. Martin,Jean-Pierre Michel,Yves Rolland,Stéphane M. Schneider,Eva Topinkova,Maurits Vandewoude,Mauro Zamboni +12 more
TL;DR: The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) developed a practical clinical definition and consensus diagnostic criteria for age-related sarcopenia as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reliability and validity of grip and pinch strength evaluations
TL;DR: Twenty-seven college women participated in a study to evaluate the reliability and validity of four tests of hand strength: grip, palmar pinch, key pinch, and tip pinch.
Journal ArticleDOI
Objectively measured physical capability levels and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis
TL;DR: Objective measures of physical capability are predictors of all cause mortality in older community dwelling populations and may provide useful tools for identifying older people at higher risk of death.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hand-grip dynamometry predicts future outcomes in aging adults.
TL;DR: Low grip strength was shown consistently to be associated with a greater likelihood of premature mortality, the development of disability, and an increased risk of complications or prolonged length of stay after hospitalization or surgery.
Journal ArticleDOI
Grip strength, body composition, and mortality
TL;DR: Grip strength is a long-term predictor of mortality from all-causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in men, though not in women and Muscle size and other indicators of body composition did not explain these associations.
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