Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2010. A contribution to the application of European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part I. Spatial distribution
Argyro Zenetos,Serge Gofas,Marc Verlaque,Melih Ertan Çinar,J. E. García Raso,Carlo Nike Bianchi,Carla Morri,Ernesto Azzurro,Murat Bilecenoglu,Carlo Froglia,I. Siokou,D. Violanti,Adriano Sfriso,G. San Martín,Adriana Giangrande,Tuncer Katağan,Enric Ballesteros,Alfonso A. Ramos-Esplá,Francesco Mastrototaro,Oscar H. Ocaña,Adriana Zingone,Maria Cristina Gambi,N. Streftaris +22 more
TLDR
The state-of-art on alien species in the Mediterranean Sea is presented, making distinctions among the four subregions defined in the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive; the WMED hosts most invasive macrophytes, whereas the EMED has the lion’s share in polychaetes, crustaceans, molluscs and fish.Abstract:
The state-of-art on alien species in the Mediterranean Sea is presented, making distinctions among the four subregions defined in the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive: (i) the Western Mediterranean Sea (WMED); (ii) the Central Mediterranean Sea (CMED); (iii) the Adriatic Sea (ADRIA); and (iv) the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMED). The updated checklist (December 2010) of marine alien species within each subregion, along with their acclimatization status and origin, is provided. A total of 955 alien species is known in the Mediterranean, the vast majority of them having being introduced in the EMED (718), less in the WMED (328) and CMED (267) and least in the Adriatic (171). Of these, 535 species (56%) are established in at least one area. Despite the collective effort of experts who attempted in this work, the number of introduced species remains probably underestimated. Excluding microalgae, for which knowledge is still insufficient, aliens have increased the total species richness of the Mediterranean Sea by 5.9%. This figure should not be directly read as an indication of higher biodiversity, as spreading of so many aliens within the basin is possibly causing biotic homogenization. Thermophilic species, i.e. Indo-Pacific, Indian Ocean, Red Sea, Tropical Atlantic, Tropical Pacific, and circum(sub)tropical, account for 88.4% of the introduced species in the EMED, 72.8% in the CMED, 59.3% in the WMED and 56.1% in the Adriatic. Cold water species, i.e. circumboreal, N Atlantic, and N Pacific, make up a small percentage of the introduced species, ranging between 4.2% and 21.6% and being more numerous in the Adriatic and less so in the EMED. Species that are classified as invasive or potentially invasive are 134 in the whole of the Mediterranean: 108 are present in the EMED, 76 in the CMED, 53 in the Adriatic and 64 in the WMED. The WMED hosts most invasive macrophytes, whereas the EMED has the lion’s share in polychaetes, crustaceans, molluscs and fish.read more
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Impacts of invasive alien marine species on ecosystem services and biodiversity: a pan-European review.
Stelios Katsanevakis,Inger Wallentinus,Argyro Zenetos,Erkki Leppäkoski,Melih Ertan Çinar,Bayram Öztürk,Michał Grabowski,Daniel Golani,Ana Cristina Cardoso +8 more
TL;DR: Kanevakis*, Inger Wallentinus, Argyro Zenetos, Erkki Leppakoski, Melih Ertan Cinar, Bayram Ozturk, Michal Grabowski, Daniel Golani and Ana Cristina Cardoso European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), Ispra, Italy Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Ag.
Journal ArticleDOI
Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2012. A contribution to the application of European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part 2. Introduction trends and pathways
Α. Zenetos,Serge Gofas,Carla Morri,Antonietta Rosso,D. Violanti,J. E. García Raso,Melih Ertan Çinar,Ahuva Almogi-Labin,A.S. Ates,Ernesto Azzurro,Enric Ballesteros,Carlo Nike Bianchi,Murat Bilecenoglu,M. C. Gambi,Adriana Giangrande,Cinzia Gravili,Orit Hyams-Kaphzan,Paraskevi K. Karachle,Stelios Katsanevakis,Lovrenc Lipej,Francesco Mastrototaro,Frédéric Mineur,M.A. Pancucci-Papadopoulou,A. Ramos Espla,Carmen Salas,G. San Martín,Adriano Sfriso,N. Streftaris,Marc Verlaque +28 more
TL;DR: There is an increasing trend in new introductions via the Suez Canal and via shipping, while Lessepsian species decline westwards, while the reverse pattern is evident for ship-mediated species and for those introduced with aquaculture.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ecosystem-based marine spatial management: Review of concepts, policies, tools, and critical issues
Stelios Katsanevakis,Vanessa Stelzenmüller,Andy South,Thomas Kirk Sørensen,Peter J.S. Jones,Sandy Kerr,Fabio Badalamenti,Christos Anagnostou,Patricia Breen,Guillem Chust,Giovanni D’Anna,Michael Duijn,Tatiana Filatova,Fabio Fiorentino,Helena Hulsman,Kate R. Johnson,Aristomenis P. Karageorgis,Ingrid Kröncke,Simone Mirto,Carlo Pipitone,Susan Portelli,Wanfei Qiu,Henning Reiss,Dimitris Sakellariou,Maria Salomidi,Luc van Hoof,Vassiliki Vassilopoulou,Tomás Vega Fernández,Sandra Vöge,Anke Weber,Argyro Zenetos,Remment ter Hofstede +31 more
TL;DR: Ecosystem based marine spatial management (EB-MSM) is an approach that recognizes the full array of interactions within an ecosystem, including human uses, rather than considering single issues, species, or ecosystem services in isolation.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Structure of Mediterranean Rocky Reef Ecosystems across Environmental and Human Gradients, and Conservation Implications
Enric Sala,Enric Ballesteros,Panagiotis Dendrinos,Antonio Di Franco,Francesco Ferretti,David G. Foley,David G. Foley,Simonetta Fraschetti,Alan M. Friedlander,Joaquim Garrabou,Harun Güçlüsoy,Paolo Guidetti,Benjamin S. Halpern,Bernat Hereu,Alexandros A. Karamanlidis,Zafer Kizilkaya,Enrique Macpherson,Luisa Mangialajo,Simone Mariani,Fiorenza Micheli,Antonio Pais,Kristin Riser,Andrew Rosenberg,Marta Sales,Kimberly A. Selkoe,Richard M. Starr,Richard M. Starr,Fiona Tomas,Mikel Zabala +28 more
TL;DR: The gradients reported here represent a trajectory of degradation that can be used to assess the health of any similar habitat in the Mediterranean, and to evaluate the efficacy of marine protected areas.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global Diversity of Ascidiacea
Noa Shenkar,Billie J. Swalla +1 more
TL;DR: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge regarding the global biodiversity of the class Ascidiacea, focusing in their taxonomy, main regions of biodiversity, and distribution patterns.
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