Alkaliphiles: Some Applications of Their Products for Biotechnology
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TLDR
The cell surface may play a key role in keeping the intracellular pH value in the range between 7 and 8.5, allowing alkaliphiles to thrive in alkaline environments, although adaptation mechanisms have not yet been clarified.Abstract:
The term “alkaliphile” is used for microorganisms that grow optimally or very well at pH values above 9 but cannot grow or grow only slowly at the near-neutral pH value of 6.5. Alkaliphiles include prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and archaea. Many different taxa are represented among the alkaliphiles, and some of these have been proposed as new taxa. Alkaliphiles can be isolated from normal environments such as garden soil, although viable counts of alkaliphiles are higher in samples from alkaline environments. The cell surface may play a key role in keeping the intracellular pH value in the range between 7 and 8.5, allowing alkaliphiles to thrive in alkaline environments, although adaptation mechanisms have not yet been clarified. Alkaliphiles have made a great impact in industrial applications. Biological detergents contain alkaline enzymes, such as alkaline cellulases and/or alkaline proteases, that have been produced from alkaliphiles. The current proportion of total world enzyme production destined for the laundry detergent market exceeds 60%. Another important application is the industrial production of cyclodextrin by alkaline cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase. This enzyme has reduced the production cost and paved the way for cyclodextrin use in large quantities in foodstuffs, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. It has also been reported that alkali-treated wood pulp could be biologically bleached by xylanases produced by alkaliphiles. Other applications of various aspects of alkaliphiles are also discussed.read more
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References
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TL;DR: Although present-day soda lakes are geologically quite recent, they have probably existed since archaean times, permitting the evolution of independent communities of alkaliphiles since an early period in the Earth's history.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of a keratinolytic serine proteinase from Streptomyces pactum DSM 40530.
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Phylogenetic diversity of soda lake alkaliphiles
TL;DR: Alkaliphilic Archaea were relatively closely related to members of the genera Natronococcus and Natronobacterium, and an anaerobic, thermophilic isolate has been assigned to a new genus within the Thermotogales.
Journal ArticleDOI
Purification and characterization of a thermostable xylanase from Bacillus stearothermophilus T-6.
TL;DR: Xylan completely protected the protein from inactivation by N-bromosuccinimide, and its activity was strongly inhibited by Zn2+, Cd2+, and Hg2+.
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Microbial flora in the deepest sea mud of the Mariana Trench.
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